印度尼西亞essay作業(yè)代寫模板：Indonesia Has A Mixed Economy
本文是一篇印度尼西亞essay作業(yè)代寫模板，詳細(xì)講述了關(guān)于此國(guó)的各方面經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。印度尼西亞是一個(gè)混合經(jīng)濟(jì)，私營(yíng)部門和政府都發(fā)揮著重要作用。根據(jù)世貿(mào)組織的數(shù)據(jù)，2010 年印尼是世界第 27 大出口國(guó)，比 2011 年上升了 3 位。
Indonesia has a mixed economy which both the private sector and government play significant roles. According to WTO data, Indonesia was the 27th biggest exporting country in the world 2010, moving up 3 places from a year 2011.
Indonesia’s main export markets (2009) are Japan (17.28%), Singapore (11.29%), the US (10.81%), and China (7.62%). The major suppliers of imports to Indonesia are Singapore (24.96%), China (12.52%), & Japan (8.92%).
印度尼西亞的主要出口市場(chǎng)（2009 年）是日本（17.28%）、新加坡（11.29%）、美國(guó)（10.81%）和中國(guó)（7.62%）。印度尼西亞的主要進(jìn)口供應(yīng)國(guó)是新加坡（24.96%）、中國(guó)（12.52%）和日本（8.92%）。
The business development in Indonesia has, for many years, been liked to political influence and patronage, it has been virtually impossible to make progresses on any major project without the right level of influence with senior people in the relevant government ministry and the closer one’s contacts to the president, the better.
多年來，印度尼西亞的業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展一直受到政治影響和贊助，如果沒有相關(guān)政府部門的高級(jí)官員的適當(dāng)影響力和更密切的聯(lián)系，任何重大項(xiàng)目幾乎不可能取得進(jìn)展給總統(tǒng)，更好。
Indonesia with a population of 230 million and a rapidly growing economy represents a significant business opportunity in such areas as automotive, electrical goods, infrastructure and retail. To as this market though, you need to understand the business culture.
印度尼西亞擁有 2.3 億人口和快速增長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)，在汽車、電氣產(chǎn)品、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和零售等領(lǐng)域代表著巨大的商機(jī)。但是，作為這個(gè)市場(chǎng)，您需要了解商業(yè)文化。
The world’s forth most populous country is Indonesia .
Indonesiais the 3rd largest democracy in the world.
Indonesia poverty over 100 million people live on less than $2 per day.
The majority of Muslims in Indonesia are Sunni. 9% of the population was Christian, 3% Hindu, and 2% Buddhist & other. Most Indonesia Hindus are Balinese, & most Buddhists in modern day Indonesia are ethnic Chinese. Thought now Hinduism, minority religions & Buddhism remain defining influences in Indonesian culture.
Indonesia has about 300 ethnic groups with cultural identities developed over centuries, & influenced by Indian, Arabic, Chinese, & European sources.
In this report show that banking systems is also affected with Indian banking system. The Indian bank is also in Indonesia. ICICI. SBI and BOB was a major player in Indonesia banking. In Indonesia is a huge opportunity in banking sector. In Indonesia there are only 18 % people are associated with any financial service.
Indonesia GDP was depending on the 3 major sectors
1). Agriculture,
2) Industry and
3) Services
Contribution of GDP
Agriculture: 14.9%
Industry: 46%
Services: 39.1%
In Indonesia GDP growth was increase 2.3% in last 5 year In GDP composition of services sector 39.1 % which means its was high percentage contribution of any industry.
Relations with India
Foreign investment from India in Indonesia dates back to the1970s. In recent years there has been a new wave of investment focusing on the mining, banking sectors and automotive .
India is the 2nd largest partner with the Indonesia in ASEA.
India is the largest buyer of crude palm oil from Indonesia.
India’s exports to Indonesia are petroleum products, telecommunication equipments and parts, hydrocarbons and derivatives, oil seed, motor vehicle for goods transportation, animal feed, cotton, flat rolled product, alloy steel.
India has most substantial investments in Indonesia is the textiles, steel, automotive, banking and resources sectors.
In auto-mobile sector Bajaj & TVS Company, steel sector Essar, TATA GROUP, RELINECE GROUP also performing.
In FMCG sector the Godrej was there in Indonesia. And so many Indian company are performing in Indonesia
Indonesia Intending to improve relations with India, the Southeast Asian archipelago would also start air traffic of the state owned airlines Garuda Airlines from June this year, he said.
“Chennai has a lot of potential in business terms and we don’t want to be left behind.Indonesia have made a proposal to open a Consulate here, next to the one we already have in Mumbai.
INFORMATION TECNOLOGY
IT is the use of computers & telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data.
Living in an agrarian and maritime culture, people in Indonesian’s archipelago have been famous in some particularly in agriculture, traditional technologies and marine. In agriculture, for instance, people in Indonesia & also in many other Southeast Asian countries are famous in paddy cultivation technique namely terasering. Bugis & Makassar people in Indonesia are also well-known with their technology in making wooden sailing vessel called pinisi boat.
印度尼西亞群島人民生活在農(nóng)業(yè)和海洋文化中，在一些特別是農(nóng)業(yè)、傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)和海洋方面享有盛譽(yù)。例如，在農(nóng)業(yè)方面，印度尼西亞和許多其他東南亞國(guó)家的人們以水稻種植技術(shù)（即 terasering）而聞名。印度尼西亞的武吉士和望加錫人也以制造稱為 pinisi 船的木制帆船技術(shù)而聞名。
With information and communication technology penetration of only around 20% and development restricted to richer areas such as Java, Indonesia’s uneven development (and resultant digital divide) is a major barrier to faster growth within the potentially huge IT market.
由于信息和通信技術(shù)的滲透率只有 20% 左右，而且發(fā)展僅限于 Java 等較富裕的地區(qū)，印度尼西亞的不平衡發(fā)展（以及由此產(chǎn)生的數(shù)字鴻溝）是在潛在的巨大 IT 市場(chǎng)中實(shí)現(xiàn)更快增長(zhǎng)的主要障礙。
In the customer segment, which is relatively small as a proportion of the market, demand should be fuelled by lower prices and new entertainment and wireless connectivity features, particularly with the governments reported plans to establish fixed wireless networks in major cities.
Indonesia’s President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono announced the establishment of a new guiding body to provide strategic direction for the country’s IT development. . The committee has been tasked with implementing a large and ambitious programmed of ICT initiatives including completing the Palapa Ring Project which is to cover 50% of cities.
The indonasian government also announced the formation of a special body to manage financing issues in relation to its Universal Service Obligation under the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) programmed.
Computer sales, peripherals and including notebooks, have been experiencing close to 20% growth in 2006, and the growing number of internet users and government initiatives should see this continue in the next few years.
It is becoming a more attractive market for foreign vendors such as Dell which has been climbing the competitive rankings in 2006 with 61% growth in the second quarter alone.
One feature of the Indonesia computer market is its domination by the enterprise segment which accounts for 70-80% of all sales & is currently the only segment served by Dell in Indonesia. Dell is reported to be second in the enterprise market and fourth overall.
The Directorate General of the Telematics Application Bureau – part of the Department of Communications and Information – has said that it may take two years to legalize all software used by the government. Low computer penetration of 1.5% in 2008 is expected to double to 3% by 2012, but anything faster would depend largely on improved government support.
Indonesia’s IT services market is expected to be worth US$349mn in 2006. Currently, services account for only 16% of Indonesia’s hardware-centric IT market sales & opportunities are mainly in fundamental services such as support systems, training, system integration, professional services, internet services and outsourcing.
There are some notable technology developments made by Indonesians in modern Indonesia In 80’s an Indonesian engineer, Tjokorda Raka Sukawati invented a road construction technique named Sosrobahu which becomes famous afterwards and widely used by many countries.
The technology has been exported to the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore and in 1995, a patent was granted to Indonesia.
OPPORTUNITIES in IT Sector 商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)：
The Indonesian economy is rapidly growing and because of the increasing household budgets as well as decreasing prices the IT Sector has huge business opportunities. The internet penetration rate is expected to grow from 20% to 65% by 2015.
In Indonesia, penetration rate of personal computers is still low at around about 20% of the population of about 230 million people.
Similar to personal computer penetration rate, the Internet penetration rate in Indonesia is also still relatively low at around about 20%.
Business Opportunities:
In Indonesia there is a huge opportunities in Mobile broadband IT, Web-enabled mobile VAS such as social networking apps, mobile Internet products, Digital content, E-commerce, Cloud services, Data centre & Risk and compliance management.
Still in the e-commerce sector, an online social shopping company, multiply, recently has relocated its headquarters from Boca Raton, Florida to Jakarta to take advantage of the growing local and regional markets.
Indonesia increasingly is also becoming a destination for various IT companies looking to outsource their works.
SERVICE SECTORS服務(wù)部門
Banking
Indonesia’s economic growth continues to be strong at 6.5 % in 2011 and predicted to reach 6.1% to 6.3 % in 2012, and is south East Asia’s largest economy.
Indonesia’s credit rating has reached investment grade. Long term foreign currency rating from Fitch Ratings’ is BBB-, while Moody’s is Baa
There are 122 banks with more than 13000 branches in Indonesia. These consist of state-owned, local private banks foreign banks and the regional development banks
Scope in Banking銀行業(yè)范圍
The market has become both broader and deeper, and interest rates are sinking lower. Indonesia and its neighbor have grown in large part by supplying cheap labor and therefore exports, and when global demand has shrunk, the fortunes of these countries did as well. Now, in the aftermath of the 2008 crisis, it is clear that these countries, Indonesia perhaps chief among them, have enough domestic demand to sustain growth regardless of external economies cycles.
市場(chǎng)變得更加廣闊和深入，利率正在下降。 印度尼西亞及其鄰國(guó)的增長(zhǎng)在很大程度上是通過提供廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力和出口來實(shí)現(xiàn)的，當(dāng)全球需求萎縮時(shí)，這些國(guó)家的命運(yùn)也是如此。 現(xiàn)在，在 2008 年危機(jī)之后，很明顯，這些國(guó)家（可能是其中最主要的國(guó)家）有足夠的內(nèi)需來維持增長(zhǎng)，而不管外部經(jīng)濟(jì)周期如何。
Only select clients receive repayments terms that extend into multiple years, its means that it is difficult to use bank financing to fund infrastructure development
The problem is that infrastructure projects typically require a long gestation period, and it is often more than a decade before profits materialize that length of time is beyond the comfort zone of most Indonesian banks, whose loan officers expect to valuate credit requests based on a faster turnaround. Guarantee funds and other methods have been created to help share the risk, and the overall performance of these groups of financiers will be closely watched in the next year.
The consumer finance side for banks will likely be more familiar in 2012 and beyond. Indonesia’s banks run the gamut from small rural lenders to international players, and Indonesians are progressing through stages toward sophisticated financial relationships, starting with small loans and deposits with micro financiers and rural banks, and then moving to regional or national banks and deepening their relationship through lines of credit, credit cards, saving schemes and other options.
Perhaps the biggest regulatory discussion in 2011 addressed the presence of foreign financial institutions in the system. The banking sector has been largely welcoming to foreign investors since 1999.
Small and medium-sized enterprise segment is an important part of Indonesian banks’ loan portfolios, accounting for Rp1035trn ($124.2bn), or 53.1% of total system lending as of June 2011.
While overall lending had grown by 23% y-o-y as of June 2011, the value of consumer loans increased more quickly over this period, rising by 23.2%. This was apparently a cause for concern at BI, with local newspaper reporting in early August 2011 that the central bank governor had said that it was keeping a close watch on growth in auto and housing loans.
Opportunities in banking銀行業(yè)的機(jī)會(huì)
Continuous growth of middle class in recent years offers huge opportunities for priority banking product.
Banks are increasingly focusing on providing better services and product innovation to their customers. Consequently, many banks continue to invest in IT-based banking systems and software.
Considering the size of the Muslim population in Indonesia and the growth of the Islamic banking sector over the past 5 years, strategic investment and partnerships are to be found in expanding the product base that Sharia banks are able to offer to customers. Limited knowledge of more sophisticated banking products presents collaboration opportunities.
In spite of the current regulations, there is an increasing interest on the part of foreign providers in supplying professional services in Indonesia to support the activities of international and Indonesian clients.
HEALTH CARE衛(wèi)生保健
Indonesia spends less on healthcare than its neighbors. Healthcare spending accounted for 2.8% of GDP in 2010, compared with 3.3% in Thailand, 3.9% in the Philippines and 5.2% in the India.
與鄰國(guó)相比，印度尼西亞在醫(yī)療保健上的花費(fèi)更少。 2010 年醫(yī)療保健支出占 GDP 的 2.8%，而泰國(guó)為 3.3%，菲律賓為 3.9%，印度為 5.2%。
The number of people with health coverage rises to 95.1m when those covered by the National Social Security System are included. This system, which was launched by the government in 2005, provides poor families with access to free outpatient primary care in local health centers and free treatment at hospitals.
The capital, Jakarta, enjoys comparatively high levels of primary care, whereas healthcare in remote areas, such as the western province of Aceh, is inadequate. Budgetary pressures mean that the government concentrates on providing primary care and basic hospital services.
Hotel Service酒店服務(wù)
The Government has been actively promoting the country’s tourist destination. Besides Indonesia Visit program, some of regional government also launched several programs to attract more visitors; one of them is Visit Lombok Sumbawa program.
政府一直在積極推廣該國(guó)的旅游目的地。除了印度尼西亞訪問計(jì)劃，一些地方政府還推出了一些計(jì)劃來吸引更多的游客；其中之一是參觀龍目島松巴哇計(jì)劃。
Foreign visitors who visit Indonesia are still dominated from ASEAN countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and Brunei. Number of visitors from those countries has shown an increasing trend particularly in the past four years from 2.17 million in 2005 to 2.79 million in 2012.
The second largest number of visitors came from other Asia countries such as Japan, South Korea and Taiwan which represented 27.72% of total foreign visitors in 2012, followed by European countries (14.83%), Australia (7.22%), USA (3.84%), Middle East (1.08%) and Africa (0.48%). In term of purpose of visit, more than half of foreign visitors came to Indonesia are for vacation.
2012年日本、韓國(guó)和臺(tái)灣等亞洲其他國(guó)家游客數(shù)量第二多，占外國(guó)游客總數(shù)的27.72%，其次是歐洲國(guó)家（14.83%）、澳大利亞（7.22%）、美國(guó)（3.84%） 、中東 (1.08%) 和非洲 (0.48%)。從訪問目的來看，來印尼的外國(guó)游客中有一半以上是為了度假。
INFRASTRUCTURE OF INDONESIA 印度尼西亞的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施
Infrastructure is the backbone of development of any nation. A strong infrastructure is indispensable for the sustainable growth of a national economy. Traditionally major infrastructure sectors are power, road, railways, ports, civil aviation and telecommunication in physical infrastructure area, while social infrastructure covers areas like literacy and education, water and sanitation, health, housing, and culture. The objective of the study is to assess the extent of innovation in different areas of infrastructure and its contribution to the nation’s development. The study analyzes the measures taken by concerned agencies to enhance the innovativeness of the infrastructure sectors. It is also to give suggestions to improve on the same.
基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是任何國(guó)家發(fā)展的支柱。強(qiáng)大的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施對(duì)于國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)是必不可少的。傳統(tǒng)的主要基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施領(lǐng)域是電力、公路、鐵路、港口、民航和電信等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施領(lǐng)域，而社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施領(lǐng)域則包括掃盲和教育、水和衛(wèi)生、健康、住房和文化等領(lǐng)域。該研究的目的是評(píng)估基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不同領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)新程度及其對(duì)國(guó)家發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)。該研究分析了有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)為提高基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施部門的創(chuàng)新性而采取的措施。這也是提出改進(jìn)建議。
Progress made in each of sectors under physical and social infrastructure has been discussed with statistics. At many occasions, comparison has been made for different aspects of infrastructure in Indonesia with those of comparable economies as well as advanced economies. Various innovative measures taken in each of the physical and social infr
astructure sectors have been discussed in the report. In power sector, the use of flexible AC transmission system, gas insulated substations, capacitors and the application of wide power; ocean energy and solar thermal power have been mentioned.
Indonesia has sought investment from Indian companies in areas such as infrastructure, road, national resources and food.
Indian firms have signed agreements worth $15 billion for the construction of infrastructure projects in Indonesia.
印度公司已簽署價(jià)值 150 億美元的協(xié)議，用于在印度尼西亞建設(shè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目。
Indonesia will spend approximately $250 billion over the next five years on infrastructure.
Indonesia is ready to offer 14 major infrastructure projects valued at $6.1 billion to the private sector next year, as part of an effort to boost economic growth.
The 17 projects already under construction include a $3 billion power plant in Central Java; a $1.5 billion railway stretching 185 kilometers that connect coal mines and plantations
The nation has more than 17000 islands. Even on some of its big islands, infrastructure such as ports, airports & railways are still underdeveloped, creating high costs for businesses to transport goods.
Indonesia, which has the biggest economy in Southeast Asia, has a population of 240 million people. Its growth is among the fastest in the Group of 20 nations.
印度尼西亞是東南亞最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)體，擁有2.4億人口。它的增長(zhǎng)在 20 國(guó)集團(tuán)中是最快的。
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