國外專業機構手把手教會留學生寫Business Dissertation
How to Write a Business Dissertation
本文的重點是準備和撰寫一篇關于所研究主題的學術性和信息性商業論文所需的步驟。
有許多“如何做研究指南”可用于支持商業論文的準備。然而，除非在正式和連貫的研究提案中提供初步基礎，否則這些指南毫無用處。商業論文的主要目的很簡單；它充其量支持了一個以前從未從這個特定角度探討過的主題的基本原理。特別是提供信息和加強學術意見。
This assignment focuses what steps are necessary to prepare and write a business dissertation that is both academic and informative about the subject matter being researched.
There are many ‘how to do research guides’ available to support preparing a business dissertation. However, unless preliminary groundwork is presented in a formal and coherent research proposal these guides, are of no use. The primary objective to a business dissertation is simple; its supports at best a rationale of a subject that has not been explored at that particular angle previously. Specifically informing and enhancing academic opinion.
The proposal for a business dissertation is the first stage of many, in that it is this informative document that will assist both in choosing or appointing a research supervisor and moreover, ensuring that the research hypothesis is focused enough to support coherent research. This crucial stage if not followed carefully will loose the researcher valuable time and effort.
商業論文的提案是許多論文的第一階段，因為正是這份信息豐富的文件將有助于選擇或任命研究主管，此外，還將確保研究假設足夠集中，以支持連貫的研究。如果不認真遵循這一關鍵階段，研究人員將失去寶貴的時間和精力。
Once the supervisor and the academic board who will assess the final business dissertation accept the coherent proposal, the researcher can commence their work. Each institution will have its own guidance for preparing, time period and manner in which research business dissertations are prepared and presented. But in most cases it will start with a proposal document that contains a realistic timetable.
一旦將評估最終商業論文的導師和學術委員會接受了一致的建議，研究人員就可以開始他們的工作了。每個機構都有自己的指導方針，包括準備和提交研究商業學位論文的時間段和方式。但在大多數情況下，它將從一份包含現實時間表的提案文件開始。
The proposal for a research business dissertation will be the guiding document for the work to follow a careful and constructive pattern. The most important outset decision for the researcher will be the methodology. This can depending on the length of the business dissertation, be either, qualitative, quantitative or a mix of both.
商業研究論文的提案將是工作遵循謹慎和建設性模式的指導文件。對研究人員來說，最重要的開始決定將是方法論。這可能取決于商業論文的長度，可以是定性的、定量的，也可以是兩者的混合。
Consideration of each method will depend upon the subject matter. If one is to consider primary and secondary documentary research then the dissertation will follow a qualitative method. If questionnaires, or some format of numerical data gathering is used this would be quantitative. If both were to be used, they would be analytically balanced.
對每種方法的考慮將取決于主題。如果要考慮初級和次級文獻研究，那么本文將采用定性方法。如果使用問卷或某種形式的數字數據收集，這將是定量的。如果兩者都使用，它們在分析上是平衡的。
Most researchers would commence with a review of current academic and professional literature, using in the main, journals, conference papers and academic texts. This will afford the researcher a depth of current academic thinking that will inform their own dissertation findings and if possible add to, or change current academic opinions. It is crucial at this interesting stage to ensure that sound referencing is maintained. Card indexes, computerised listing of the works considered is essential for the write up stage. In fact, starting the bibliography early is a sound decision, as this is often the area that may researchers find difficult when left to the very end. Moreover, keeping a ‘research trail’ is a good idea, especially if you are working on a business dissertation exceeding 10,000 word or more.
大多數研究人員會從審查當前的學術和專業文獻開始，主要使用期刊、會議論文和學術文本。這將使研究人員深入了解當前的學術思想，為他們自己的論文發現提供信息，并在可能的情況下增加或改變當前的學術觀點。在這個有趣的階段，確保保持良好的參考是至關重要的。卡片索引、所考慮作品的計算機列表對于寫作階段至關重要。事實上，盡早開始參考書目是一個明智的決定，因為這通常是研究人員在最后可能會發現困難的領域。此外，保持“研究追蹤”是一個好主意，尤其是如果你正在寫一篇超過10000字或更多的商業論文。
Once a researcher has a clarified focus from a seriously academic perspective of the body of knowledge current on the topic of research, they can then formulate or at least in part modify the research hypothesis, before starting on the gathering of their own findings. This will also help focus research questions and close down avenues in the research that are too wide. The supervisor at this stage will be able to guide the researcher in areas that may be not as clearly focused. It is a good idea to write a first draft of the dissertation literature review at this stage to add to the focus for the ensuing research stage.
一旦研究人員從嚴肅的學術角度對當前研究主題的知識體系有了明確的關注點，他們就可以在開始收集自己的發現之前，制定或至少部分修改研究假設。這也將有助于集中研究問題，并關閉研究中過于廣泛的途徑。在這一階段，主管將能夠在可能沒有那么明確重點的領域指導研究人員。在這個階段寫一篇論文文獻綜述的初稿是一個好主意，為接下來的研究階段增加重點。
The research stage of a business dissertation is as previously stated dependent on the choice of methodology. This should be decided at the outset through the dialogue with the supervisor. The findings stage enables the researcher to consider the hypothesis again, which by this stage, has been carefully honed by the literature review. This stage is in itself time consuming, depending on the choice of methodology. The time consuming preparation of a questionnaire, interviewing subjects, case study observation etc; can be the most taxing part of the whole dissertation research process. But, in the main the most enjoyable, as the researcher is finally ‘doing research’ which will have some bearing on future opinions.
如前所述，商業論文的研究階段取決于方法的選擇。這應該在一開始就通過與主管的對話來決定。研究結果階段使研究人員能夠再次考慮這一假設，到目前為止，這一假設已經經過文獻綜述的仔細磨練。這個階段本身就很耗時，這取決于方法的選擇。耗時的問卷準備、訪談對象、案例研究觀察等；可能是整個論文研究過程中最繁重的部分。但是，總的來說，最令人愉快的是，研究人員終于“做研究”了，這將對未來的意見產生一些影響。
Once the research stage is completed and an initial draft of this chapter is presented for clearance by the supervisor, any amendment made, the business dissertation can be put together. This is the most time consuming part of the whole process. It is not unusual to present at least three drafts of each chapter, and the style and layout will often depend upon the academic institution that is to assess its contents. There is often a tighter frequency of meetings with the supervisor, and this is why during the proposal stage, the choice of supervisor is crucial, because they will be both advocate and critic, and whose opinions will count in presenting a coherently prepared analytical business dissertation that will stand the test of academic rigour.
一旦研究階段完成，本章的初稿提交給主管審批，進行任何修改，就可以撰寫商業論文。這是整個過程中最耗時的部分。每章至少提交三稿并不罕見，風格和布局通常取決于評估其內容的學術機構。與導師的會面頻率通常更高，這就是為什么在提案階段，導師的選擇至關重要，因為他們既是倡導者又是批評者，他們的意見將在提交一篇經過學術嚴謹測試的連貫準備的分析性商業論文時發揮重要作用。
The three main chapters that need to be written, drafted and re-drafted are: the literature review, methodology and research findings, which if using a quantitative approach will need to contain any formulas and figurative findings. These chapters should coherently link, and also contain short summaries of their contents. From these three chapters, the conclusion, introduction and synopsis can be written. Oddly, many good researchers prepare the introduction as the last chapter! Notwithstanding this, deciding what if any, appendices are added to the business dissertation is also important, these should not be ‘documents for documents sake’, but, in the main, be explicitly relevant, for example: a copy of a questionnaire, case study or quantitative tables etc.
需要撰寫、起草和重新起草的三個主要章節是：文獻綜述、方法論和研究結果，如果使用定量方法，則需要包含任何公式和形象研究結果。這些章節應連貫地鏈接，并包含其內容的簡短摘要。從這三章可以得出結論、引言和概要。奇怪的是，許多優秀的研究人員將引言作為最后一章！盡管如此，決定商務論文的附錄（如果有的話）也很重要，這些附錄不應該是“為了文件而文件”，但總的來說，它們是明確相關的，例如：問卷、案例研究或定量表的副本等。
The final section being the all important bibliography, if the researcher has maintained a database of bibliographical information, or better still, wrote this section as they have been working on the whole research process, time has been saved. Thereby, to go through the whole dissertation checking off each reference with the bibliography, will be an easy task, thereby ensuring that they have complied with the referencing protocols (Harvard, APA etc) of their assessing institution and moreover the research trail of the dissertation is clear.
最后一部分是所有重要的參考書目，如果研究人員維護了一個書目信息數據庫，或者更好的是，在整個研究過程中編寫了這一部分，那么就節省了時間。因此，在整個論文中，將每個參考文獻與參考書目進行核對將是一項容易的任務，從而確保他們遵守了評估機構的參考協議（哈佛大學、APA等），而且論文的研究線索是清晰的。
The final business dissertation should be a clearly presented, professionally referenced document that has coherently answered the research hypothesis presented in the original research proposal. Often, researchers do move away from the proposal that is often overlooked as an essential part of the assessing criteria. Therefore, ensuring throughout the dissertation process one is focused and continually returning to this guiding document is essential, which any supportive and competent academic supervisor will continually ‘drill’ into their research students. The end product being both a written business dissertation and a well rounded and better informed academic researcher.
最終的商業論文應該是一份清晰的、專業參考的文件，它連貫地回答了原始研究提案中提出的研究假設。通常，研究人員會放棄作為評估標準的重要組成部分而經常被忽視的提案。因此，確保在整個論文過程中都有重點，并不斷回到本指導文件中是至關重要的，任何支持和有能力的學術導師都會不斷地對他們的研究生進行“訓練”。最終產品既是一篇書面的商業論文，也是一位全面、見多識廣的學術研究人員。
