英國布里斯托大學dissertation范例：Tesco公司的在線業務及商店規模的論述

Tesco’s Online Business
Tesco的在線業務

In the last year, Tesco’s online business, including dotcom grocery and Direct, delivered strong performance, achieving a 14 percent increase in sales with profits rising 26 percent £136m(Tesco Groceries Home Delivery, Tesco Online Food Shopping，n.d.). The website of Tesco is the third most visited website in the UK. And in the 2009, Tesco online business delivered over a billion items. The number of active customers in the Tesco’s online grocery has grown over one million. And Tesco has put ease of use at the heart of online (Tesco Groceries Home Delivery, Tesco Online Food Shopping，n.d.) shopping trip, which take advantage of the club card to remember a customer’s favorite in-store and online shopping products. Now, Tesco’s business is the market leader and the most profitable business of its king in the world.
在過去的一年中，Tesco的網上業務，包括互聯網雜貨店和直接，表現強勁，實現了14％的銷售增長26％的利潤上升136米英鎊（樂購雜貨送貨上門，樂購網上食品購物，ND）。網站是第三個訪問量最大的網站在英國的特易購（Tesco）。而在2009年，特易購的在線業務提供了超過10億件。 Tesco的網上雜貨店活躍客戶數已成長超過一百萬。和Tesco已經把心臟的網上購物之旅（樂購雜貨送貨上門，樂購網上購物美食，ND），利用俱樂部的卡，要記住客戶的喜愛在商店和網上購物的產品的易用性。現在，特易購的業務處于市場領先地位，其在世界上的國王和最賺錢的業務。

Information and technology bring changes and great advances to the retail market. And Tesco started online business in the first team. Online business not just takes advantage of the information technology, but also the convenient transportation. In the modern logistics management, how to take more high technology and how to improve levels of technology involving with logistics management would be the keys to win in the competitions.
信息技術帶來零售市場的變化和巨大進步。Tesco在一線隊開始網上業務。在線業務不只是需要信息技術的優勢，但交通便利。在現代物流管理中，如何采取多，技術高，如何提高涉及與物流管理的技術水平將在比賽中勝出的關鍵。

Besides that, Tesco’s telecoms business also brings profits. In December 2009(Tesco Launches Barcode Scanner App for Online Orders, 2010), Tesco mobile became only the third UK oprater to offer the iPhone, which help a lot in Tesco’s online business. Recently, Tesco has added a barcode reader to its Groceries iPhone app that can add items to a customer’s online home delivery order, which is also the UK’s first transactional barcode scanner for the iPhone.

Figure 1: Tesco’s online Business (Tesco Launches Barcode Scanner App for Online Orders, 2010)

Ever since the Grocery app was launched in the early September 2010(Tesco Launches Barcode Scanner App for Online Orders, 2010), Tesco four iPhone apps, which includes the Clubcard, Store Finder and the Wine Finder apps, have over 1 million (Tesco Launches Barcode Scanner App for Online Orders, 2010) downloads between them, with the Grocery app along noching 400,000 downloads(Tesco Launches Barcode Scanner App for Online Orders, 2010)
.

Online business greatly improves profits of Tesco business. In the actual operating situations, there are complex logistics systemizes including the transportation management, inventory management and information management. And in most situations, Tesco would cooperate with other logistics companies which may be also called Third Party Logistics companies. Cooperating with TPL companies is another trend in the retail market.                
在線業務大大提高了特易購業務的利潤。在實際的操作中，存在著復雜的物流系統化，包括運輸管理，庫存管理和信息管理。而且在大多數情況下，特易購將與其他物流公司也可以被稱為第三方物流公司合作。與第三方物流公司合作，在零售市場的另一個趨勢。

Tesco’s Store Scale
Tesco的商店規模

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As of 27 February 2010, at the end of its 2009/10 (特易購, n.d.)financial year, Tesco's UK store portfolio was as follows.
截至2010年2月27日，在結束其2009/10財政年度（特易購，ND），特易購在英國的店鋪組合如下。

Figure 2: Tesco’s Store Scale (Tesco, n.d. ).

Tesco’s UK stores are divided into six formats, which are different in sizes and range of products sold, as what is shown above. Take the Tesco Homeplus for example. Tesco Homeplus offer all of Tesco’s ranges except food in the warehouse.
英國Tesco的門店分為六個格式，這是不同的產品出售，上面顯示的大小和范圍。以樂購的Homeplus為例。樂購的Homeplus提供所有Tesco的范圍除食品在倉庫中。

In the UK, it is estimated that among £8 (特易購, n.d.) people spend in daily life, there is £1 is spend in Tesco’s chain stores. 90 (特易購, n.d.) percent of people in the UK often go to Tesco for shopping. Here, marking channels contribute a lot in Tesco. As the biggest retail firm in the UK, Tesco provides the one third daily provisions to the British homes. Trying to open more stores is one factor to Tesco’s success. According to the different sizes of the area of these stores, the degree of inventory function is different.#p#分頁標題#e#

Generally speaking, in the economic world, whatever a firm does is trying to decrease the cost and increase the profit. Inventory management is exactly trying to reduce the cost of logistics management. In the study of inventory-related cost, there are the holding costs and the order costs. The minimum of the cost is calculated through math tools by building math models with considering of relevant
一般來說，在經濟世界中，任何一家公司所做的是試圖降低成本，增加利潤。正是試圖庫存管理，物流管理，以降低成本。在這項研究中存貨相關的成本，持有成本和訂單成本。最低的成本，通過建立數學模型，通過數學工具計算考慮相關

Package Strategy to Improve Reputation
包裝策略，以提高聲譽

Over the past years, Tesco has played a leadership role amongst large business in tracking climate change. In 2007 Tesco invested £25m (Tesco's pledge to carbon-label all products set to take centuries, 2010) to create a new Sustainable Consumption Institute (SCI) at the University of Manchester. Tesco is trying to label its products with carbon label to all its products, as the pictures showed below.
在過去的幾年中，樂購大型企業之中起到了領導作用，跟蹤氣候變化。在2007年，特易購投資2500萬英鎊（Tesco的承諾所有產品碳標簽設置需要幾百年，2010）創建一個新的可持續消費研究所（SCI）在曼徹斯特大學。樂購試圖標注其碳標簽產品，其所有的產品，下面的圖片顯示。

Figure 3: the Carbon Label (Tesco's pledge to carbon-label all products set to take centuries, 2010)
 

At the same time, a company like Tesco should not forget a company’s social responsibility in the logistics management. And, in the current retail market, more and more attention is put on the word “ethic”. Media and common people would care more about a company’s behaviors in social responsibility such as protecting nature (Zutshi, 2004). This may be the trend of products’ package in the logistics management as a way to attract customers and improve company’s reputation.
與此同時，樂購這樣的公司不應該忘記在物流管理公司的社會責任。而且，在目前的零售市場，越來越多的關注放在“道德”這個詞。媒體和老百姓更關心的是公司的社會責任如保護自然（祖特希，2004）的行為。在物流管理的方式來吸引客戶，提高公司的聲譽，這可能是產品包裝的趨勢。