Harvard System范文
12-21, 2015
REFERENCES
Harvard System由美國(guó)高校開始使用，后逐漸流傳到澳大利亞，新西蘭和英國(guó)等國(guó)家的大學(xué)內(nèi)。是一種參考資料的格式，多用與自然科學(xué)還有物理化工類領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)dissertation。Harvard System（哈佛注釋體系），也被稱為Author-date method（作者－日期法），每一處引用，不論是直接引用又或者是間接的，都需要標(biāo)注在文中引用處以及dissertation的bibliography（參考書目）。
Adeloya, O. A., Akinpelu, A. D., Ogundaini, O. A., and Obafemi, A. C., 2007. Studies on antimicrobial, antioxidant and phytochemical analysis of Urena lobata leave extract. Journal of Physical and Natural Sciences, 1, 1-9.
Adwan, G., Abu-Shanab, B., and Adwan, K., 2010. Antibacterial activities of some plant extracts alone and in combination with different antimicrobials against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Asian Pasific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 1, 266-269.
Ahmed, Z., Khan, S. S., Khan, M., Tanveer, A., and Ahmad Lone, Z., 2010. Synergistic effect of Salvadora persica extracts, tetracycline and penicillin against Staphylococcus aureus. Afican Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2, 25-29.
Akroum, S., Bendjeddou, D., Satta, D., and Lalaoui, K., 2009. Antibacterial activity and acute toxicity effect of flavonoid extracted from Mentha longifolia. American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research 4 (2), 93-96.
Al-Bakri, A. G. and Afifi, F. U., 2007. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of selected plant extracts by rapid XTT colorimetry and bacterial enumeration. Journal of Microbiology Methods, 68, 19-25.
Ameem, O. M., Olatunji, G. A., Atata, R. F., and Usman, L.A., 2010. Antimicrobial activity, cytotoxic test and phytochemical screening of extracts of the stem of Fadogia agrestis. Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology, 11, 79-83.
American cancer society, n.d. Phytochemical [online]. Available from: http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/HerbsVitaminsandMinerals/phytochemicals> [Accessed 11 November 2011].
Andrews, J. M., 2001. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 48, 5-16.
Athamna, A., Athamna, M. Nura, A., Shly Akov, E., Bast, D. J., Farrell, D. and Rubinstein, E., 2005. Is in vitro antibiotic combination more effective than single-drug therapy against anthrax? Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 49, 1323-1325.
Aubry-Damon, H. and Courvalin, P., 1999. Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents: selected problems in France, 1996 to 1998. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5, 315-320.
Baris, O., Gulluce M., Sahin, F., Ozer, H., Kilic, H., Ozkan, H., Sokmen, M., and Ozbek. T., 2006. Biological activities of the essential oil and methanol extract of Achillea Biebersteinii Afan. (Asteraceae). Turkish Journal of Biology. 30, 65-73.
Barry, A. L., Craig, W. A., Nadler, H., Reller, L. B., Sanders, C. C., and Swenson, J. M., 1999. Methods for determining bactericidal activity of antimicrobial agents. Approved Guideline, 19(18).#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
Basri, D. F., Fan, S. H., 2005. The potential of aqueous and acetone extracts of galls of Quercus infectoria as antibacterial agents. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 37, 26-29.
Bazzaz. B. S. F., Khayat, M. H., Emami, S., Asili, J., Sahebkar, A., and Neishabory, E. J., 2011. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of methanol, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts of Scutellaria litwinowii. Science Asia, 37, 327-334.
Betoni, C. J. E., Mantovani, R. P., Barbosa, L. N., Stasi, L. C. D., and Junior, A. F., 2006. Synergism between plant extract and antimicrobial drugs used on Staphylococcus aureus diseases. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 101(4), 387-390.
Biswas. D., Shanti, V., and Roymon, M. G., 2011. In vitro assessment of antiscretory activity of root extracts of Acacia arabica Lam.Willd against biodiversity of E. coli isolated from Bhilai-Durg region. Journal of Phytology, 3(4), 01-05.
Boothe, D. M., 2001. Small animal clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. Elsevuer Health Sciences, pg 130-140.
Bratu, S., Tolaney, P., Karumudi, U., Quale, J., Mooty, M., Nichani, S. and Landman, D., 2005. Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Brooklyn, NY: molecular epidemiology and in vitro activity of polymyxin B and other agents. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 56, 128-132.
Caiazza, N. A. and Quinn, J. A., 1980. Leaf morphology in Arenaria patula and Lonicera japonica along a pollution gradient. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 107, 9-18.
Carvalho, R. N., Lucinewton, S. M., Rosa, P. T. V., and Meireles, M. A. A., 2005. Supercritical fluid extraction from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis): kinetic data, extract’s global yield, composition, and antioxidant activity. Journal of Supercritical Fluid, 35, 197-204.
Chanda, S. and Rakholiya, K., 2011. Combination therapy: synergism between natural plant extracts and antibiotic against infectious diseases. Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Microbiological Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, India.
Chang, C. W., Lin, M. T., Lee, S. S., Liu, K. C., Hsu, F. L., and Lin, J. Y., 1995. Differential inhibition of reverse transcriptase and cellular DNA polymerase-alpha activities by lignans isolated from Chinese herbs, Phyllanthus myrtifolius Moon, and tannins from Lonicera japonica Thunb and Castanopsis hystrix. Antiviral Reseach, 27 (4), 367-74.
Cheeke, P. R., 1971. Nutritional and physiological implications of saponins. A review Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 51, 621-624.
Chen, C. Y., Peng, W. H., Tsai, K. D., and Hsu, S. L., 2007. Luteolin suppresses inflammatory-associated gene expression by blocking NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation pathway in mouse alveolar macrophages. Life Sciences, 81, 1602-1603.
Choi, C. W., Jung, H. A., Kang, S. S., and Choi, J. S., 2007. Antioxidant constituents and a new triterpenoid glycoside from flos Lonicerae. Achieves of Pharmacal Research, 30, 1-7.
Cowan, M. M., 1999. Olant Products as Antimicrobial Agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, pg. 564-582, Vol. 12, No. 4.#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
Dilika, F., Afolayan, A. J., and Meyer, J. J. M., 1996. Comparative antibacterial activity of two Helichrysum species used in male circumcision in South Africa. South Africa Journal of Botani,63(3), 158-159.
Dimopoulos, G. and Falagas, M. E., 2007. Gram-negative bacilli-resistance issues. Touch Briefing, 49-51.
Eja, M. E., Arikpo, G. E., Enyi-Idoh, K. H., and Ikpeme, E. M., 2010. An evaluation of the antimicrobial synergy of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Utazi (Gongronema latifolium) on Escherichia coli and Stapphylococcus aureus. Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, 7(1), 49-53.
Eldeen, I. M. S., Elgorashi, E. E., Mulholland, D. A., and van Staden, J., 2006. Anolignan B: A bioactive compound from the roots of Terminalia sericea. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 103, 135-138.
Eloff, J. N., 1998. A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of plant extracts for bacteria. Plant Medicinal, 64, 711-713.
Fantin, B. and Carbon, C., 1992. In vivo antibiotic synergism: Contribution of Animal Models. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 907-912.
Fried, B. and Sherma, J., 1999. Thin-Layer Chromatography, Fourth Edition, revised and expanded, Marcel Dekker Inc., New Your- Basel, pg 46-81.
Green, R. J., 2004. Antioxidant activity of peanut plant tissues. Masters Thesis. North Carolina State University. USA.
Hamburger, M. O. and Cordell, G. A., 1987. A direct bioautographic TLC assay for compounds possessing antibacterial activity. Journal of Natural Products, 50, 19-22.
Handa, S.S., Khanuja, S. P. S., Longo, G., and Rakesh, D. D., 2008. Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. International Centre for Science and High Technology, pg 28-33.
Hassan, L. E. A., Hasnah, M. S., Sakina, M. A. Y., Koko, W. S., and Siddig, I. A., 2010. In vitro antimicrobial activities of chloroformic, hexane and ethanolic extracts of Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (Wild melon). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5, 1338-1344.
Harvard System由美國(guó)高校開始使用，后逐漸流傳到澳大利亞，新西蘭和英國(guó)等國(guó)家的大學(xué)內(nèi)。是一種參考資料的格式，多用與自然科學(xué)還有物理化工類領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)dissertation。Harvard System（哈佛注釋體系），也被稱為Author-date method（作者－日期法），每一處引用，不論是直接引用又或者是間接的，都需要標(biāo)注在文中引用處以及dissertation的bibliography（參考書目）。
Adeloya, O. A., Akinpelu, A. D., Ogundaini, O. A., and Obafemi, A. C., 2007. Studies on antimicrobial, antioxidant and phytochemical analysis of Urena lobata leave extract. Journal of Physical and Natural Sciences, 1, 1-9.
Adwan, G., Abu-Shanab, B., and Adwan, K., 2010. Antibacterial activities of some plant extracts alone and in combination with different antimicrobials against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Asian Pasific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 1, 266-269.
Ahmed, Z., Khan, S. S., Khan, M., Tanveer, A., and Ahmad Lone, Z., 2010. Synergistic effect of Salvadora persica extracts, tetracycline and penicillin against Staphylococcus aureus. Afican Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2, 25-29.
Akroum, S., Bendjeddou, D., Satta, D., and Lalaoui, K., 2009. Antibacterial activity and acute toxicity effect of flavonoid extracted from Mentha longifolia. American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research 4 (2), 93-96.
Al-Bakri, A. G. and Afifi, F. U., 2007. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of selected plant extracts by rapid XTT colorimetry and bacterial enumeration. Journal of Microbiology Methods, 68, 19-25.
Ameem, O. M., Olatunji, G. A., Atata, R. F., and Usman, L.A., 2010. Antimicrobial activity, cytotoxic test and phytochemical screening of extracts of the stem of Fadogia agrestis. Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology, 11, 79-83.
American cancer society, n.d. Phytochemical [online]. Available from: http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/HerbsVitaminsandMinerals/phytochemicals> [Accessed 11 November 2011].
Andrews, J. M., 2001. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 48, 5-16.
Athamna, A., Athamna, M. Nura, A., Shly Akov, E., Bast, D. J., Farrell, D. and Rubinstein, E., 2005. Is in vitro antibiotic combination more effective than single-drug therapy against anthrax? Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 49, 1323-1325.
Aubry-Damon, H. and Courvalin, P., 1999. Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents: selected problems in France, 1996 to 1998. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5, 315-320.
Baris, O., Gulluce M., Sahin, F., Ozer, H., Kilic, H., Ozkan, H., Sokmen, M., and Ozbek. T., 2006. Biological activities of the essential oil and methanol extract of Achillea Biebersteinii Afan. (Asteraceae). Turkish Journal of Biology. 30, 65-73.
Barry, A. L., Craig, W. A., Nadler, H., Reller, L. B., Sanders, C. C., and Swenson, J. M., 1999. Methods for determining bactericidal activity of antimicrobial agents. Approved Guideline, 19(18).#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
Basri, D. F., Fan, S. H., 2005. The potential of aqueous and acetone extracts of galls of Quercus infectoria as antibacterial agents. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 37, 26-29.
Bazzaz. B. S. F., Khayat, M. H., Emami, S., Asili, J., Sahebkar, A., and Neishabory, E. J., 2011. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of methanol, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts of Scutellaria litwinowii. Science Asia, 37, 327-334.
Betoni, C. J. E., Mantovani, R. P., Barbosa, L. N., Stasi, L. C. D., and Junior, A. F., 2006. Synergism between plant extract and antimicrobial drugs used on Staphylococcus aureus diseases. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 101(4), 387-390.
Biswas. D., Shanti, V., and Roymon, M. G., 2011. In vitro assessment of antiscretory activity of root extracts of Acacia arabica Lam.Willd against biodiversity of E. coli isolated from Bhilai-Durg region. Journal of Phytology, 3(4), 01-05.
Boothe, D. M., 2001. Small animal clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. Elsevuer Health Sciences, pg 130-140.
Bratu, S., Tolaney, P., Karumudi, U., Quale, J., Mooty, M., Nichani, S. and Landman, D., 2005. Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Brooklyn, NY: molecular epidemiology and in vitro activity of polymyxin B and other agents. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 56, 128-132.
Caiazza, N. A. and Quinn, J. A., 1980. Leaf morphology in Arenaria patula and Lonicera japonica along a pollution gradient. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 107, 9-18.
Carvalho, R. N., Lucinewton, S. M., Rosa, P. T. V., and Meireles, M. A. A., 2005. Supercritical fluid extraction from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis): kinetic data, extract’s global yield, composition, and antioxidant activity. Journal of Supercritical Fluid, 35, 197-204.
Chanda, S. and Rakholiya, K., 2011. Combination therapy: synergism between natural plant extracts and antibiotic against infectious diseases. Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Microbiological Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, India.
Chang, C. W., Lin, M. T., Lee, S. S., Liu, K. C., Hsu, F. L., and Lin, J. Y., 1995. Differential inhibition of reverse transcriptase and cellular DNA polymerase-alpha activities by lignans isolated from Chinese herbs, Phyllanthus myrtifolius Moon, and tannins from Lonicera japonica Thunb and Castanopsis hystrix. Antiviral Reseach, 27 (4), 367-74.
Cheeke, P. R., 1971. Nutritional and physiological implications of saponins. A review Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 51, 621-624.
Chen, C. Y., Peng, W. H., Tsai, K. D., and Hsu, S. L., 2007. Luteolin suppresses inflammatory-associated gene expression by blocking NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation pathway in mouse alveolar macrophages. Life Sciences, 81, 1602-1603.
Choi, C. W., Jung, H. A., Kang, S. S., and Choi, J. S., 2007. Antioxidant constituents and a new triterpenoid glycoside from flos Lonicerae. Achieves of Pharmacal Research, 30, 1-7.
Cowan, M. M., 1999. Olant Products as Antimicrobial Agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, pg. 564-582, Vol. 12, No. 4.#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
Dilika, F., Afolayan, A. J., and Meyer, J. J. M., 1996. Comparative antibacterial activity of two Helichrysum species used in male circumcision in South Africa. South Africa Journal of Botani,63(3), 158-159.
Dimopoulos, G. and Falagas, M. E., 2007. Gram-negative bacilli-resistance issues. Touch Briefing, 49-51.
Eja, M. E., Arikpo, G. E., Enyi-Idoh, K. H., and Ikpeme, E. M., 2010. An evaluation of the antimicrobial synergy of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Utazi (Gongronema latifolium) on Escherichia coli and Stapphylococcus aureus. Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, 7(1), 49-53.
Eldeen, I. M. S., Elgorashi, E. E., Mulholland, D. A., and van Staden, J., 2006. Anolignan B: A bioactive compound from the roots of Terminalia sericea. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 103, 135-138.
Eloff, J. N., 1998. A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of plant extracts for bacteria. Plant Medicinal, 64, 711-713.
Fantin, B. and Carbon, C., 1992. In vivo antibiotic synergism: Contribution of Animal Models. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 907-912.
Fried, B. and Sherma, J., 1999. Thin-Layer Chromatography, Fourth Edition, revised and expanded, Marcel Dekker Inc., New Your- Basel, pg 46-81.
Green, R. J., 2004. Antioxidant activity of peanut plant tissues. Masters Thesis. North Carolina State University. USA.
Hamburger, M. O. and Cordell, G. A., 1987. A direct bioautographic TLC assay for compounds possessing antibacterial activity. Journal of Natural Products, 50, 19-22.
Handa, S.S., Khanuja, S. P. S., Longo, G., and Rakesh, D. D., 2008. Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. International Centre for Science and High Technology, pg 28-33.
Hassan, L. E. A., Hasnah, M. S., Sakina, M. A. Y., Koko, W. S., and Siddig, I. A., 2010. In vitro antimicrobial activities of chloroformic, hexane and ethanolic extracts of Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (Wild melon). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5, 1338-1344.
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