文獻(xiàn)翻譯：Urban Residential Area in Green

Abstract: Explore expansion of the urban population today, people in the face of external pressures, have physical and mental exhaustion, a need to find a comfortable living environment to adjust physically and mentally. Habitat for gatherings and the two related issues garden designers should attach great importance to it, Residential Area of green issues directly affecting the quality of live. We consider people's health and quality of life of Residential Area to the green ecological design, such people more harmonious with nature, people with more near-natural, in the design and configuration of the plant to achieve cleaner air and beautify the environment, regulation of physical and psychological purposes.
Key words: Residential area, Landscaping, ecological, Sustainable development
1. An urban landscape trend
As a living environment of urban areas, we must first understand the district is the request of the tenants, which the living green Landscape best to consider the life and leisure requirements. Requested by the modern quality of life around the material and spiritual lives of the start, in the material life to meet, gradually enrich the spiritual life today, it will pursue a more healthy, more affinity with their environments. Living green areas, we should consider not only the elements of the United States, but also give full consideration to the district housing the main -- the needs of Only by understanding these needs and, starting from this need for the design, necessary for the United States, can be achieved satisfactory results. Meet for a practical and aesthetic principles district design, and to the "people-oriented" ideology and ideological basis, a people standpoint, from the position to consider comprehensive, in the meantime, reaching people and the natural harmony. And the natural and harmonious development of urban development is a trend now; the future is now for a long time and has its correctness.
In the direction of the development of ecological garden since the 18th century, industrialized countries in the world are developing as a measure of the degree of economic power standards "considers the pursuit of the gdp growth is seen as building a powerful country with the sole objective of Power", the thinking in this direction, natural human right cause untold damage. But mankind will soon see their own for the world to play a negative impact in 1972 adopted a "Declaration on the Human Environment" 1982 "our common future", the first clear of the concept of sustainable development: "We meet the needs of the contemporary people, Without compromising the needs of future generations to meet the capacity of the development. "" sustainable development "theory in all attach great importance to and use to guide the district of the city greening direct manifestation of the emergence of Green Ecological Area landscape, According to landscape ecology principles and methods, and rational planning has space structure, so that the street Mosaic body and matrix elements of the landscape such as the number and distribution of a reasonable space, information flow, material flow and energy flow-through; so that the landscape is not only in keeping with the theory of ecology, but also a certain aesthetic value and suitable for human inhabitation. #p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
In 2002, 0.1 surveyed companies in the country did a market survey: "You want to have the most "Respondents are more than 70% of the people chose health.  Evidently, modern health concerns over the extent of any period in the past. According to the World Health Organization's definition of health: "The health of people is referring to the physical, mental, the community has in good conditioning the tremendous work pressure, a monotonous life, Complex interpersonal around to maintain the health of its difficulty. This attention to environmental issues designers should strive to create a more modern suitable living environment, from simple forms of the arts and visual pursuit to get out and pay attention to the human spirit ecological the swap function. The introduction of natural living areas and the residents of each side, Landscape Architecture, behavior, ecology, Aesthetic theory subjects considered scientific proof, reasonable planning, has provided a good living environment for the district.
2. Modern residential area green space issues
During Green Community, provides the standard green area and neighborhood greening should ensure that over 35% of the greenery, Green and the Green rate to more than 70%, that is to say the hard green landscape, including roads, floors, architectural pieces, fountains, sculptures and covers only 30% of control within, and the number should be smaller the better. Green a quality district, although figures can not reflect pure, but in order to have more green area, designers must seriously consider.
With the improvement of living standards, will ultimately become the vehicle of transport for the people, for the residents of vehicle users, we must build the garage. The design can be transferred to the underground garage, or to a multi-storey car park, so there are several advantages: First, reduce noise, second is to increase road safety. Through such a design, Quarters can make limited non-renewable land for the maximum green outdoor activity places, Area more modern design.
Residential constructions in the planning and design time consider green roofs on the loading. Leak proof and other issues, this design over the housing according to actual situation roof and walls of green, so the six-space greening effect, maximum to improve the living environment, so that the residents closer to nature. Shanghai, for example, one of the top five luxury houses Riverside Yuen, green roofs, green vertical, indoor green and the ground has become a green integrity of the green chain, Suzhou has become the representative of the riverside green belt.
Now we are residents of the floor, the floor is relatively high, at the Green district can not consider the low-floor residents should also consider floors, high when these people look down on the district greening landscape feelings. Thus designers quarter when Green Landscape, should fully consider the higher floors overlooking the residents feel.
Now some district at the beginning of the construction. Generally only an initial investigation in the terrain then pushed level, and then on the plains, Green. This will destroy the local character of the original. Community building in the beginning, we should fully examine their current situation. In the building should its local natural sites, old trees provide appropriate protection and exploitation? Natural monuments, old trees at the history as a symbol of cultural heritage, in a sense under the protection of a district to reflect the cultural ambience, displaying the characteristics of residential quarters, help residents improve ecological awareness. #p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
In the landscape road, sculpture, Fitness facilities are designed arrangements, it must be the yardstick of construction, landscape sketch scale, the scale of trees comprehensive consideration, reasonable quantification. Everybody needs an appropriate outdoor space, maximize green area at the same time, all of the factors involved in the garden should be considered. Because nobody participation, not the perception is pale green, no significance, the lack of grade. Greenbelt need public, open, participatory, correspond to the needs of this is to try to enable the residents to the greenbelt, where they now that is often discussed in the "Habitat" and the "poly." Landscape road, fitness facilities, and other outdoor spaces in the distribution of green space are "accumulate" needs.
3. Area plants choice preferences
Living in the area of green vegetation to choose, must pay attention to the preferences of residents, loved by the residents to choose plants for distribution. Only with the preferences of residents consistent choice of plants can Area affinity with the green so that the residents have a sense of identity. For example, in the district were planted pines and cypresses of his uniform, so that it Senses natural appearance. Green seems on the surface very good, but people in the subconscious of the environment will have the feeling of the cemetery, the residents are rejected, they can not achieve its desired effect. This is not to say that people will not pine identity, Green Landscape Area can not use pine. But some people disgusted with things and have similar things feeling tired. Song of the Community Greening plants parthenogenesis as a focus of scenery is good to play in the garden of the effect of expression.
As mainly from the ecological and took two aspects to consider. As the tree crown absolute size and, therefore, in the district greening to produce more oxygen, absorption and emission of more harmful gases and therefore the application of the trees which are more conducive to the district the health of the residents. In the choice of trees, deciduous trees and evergreen trees in the entire district share of a general about: 1-2 ratios. Due to the more ancient deciduous tree trunks, tree more attractive, most of the trees have color, form, the U.S.-quarter phase, Charm America, the best embodies the seasonal garden changes throughout the year so that the various district; and evergreen trees can give year-round spring of winter. Doing Area Green design should be based on reasonable arrangements for the design intent choice. The choice of trees in a district not too much, as much as miscellaneous, miscellaneous there will be chaos, the general election the main tree species 2-3, 3-4 adjutant election species. Tree planting not left too close to the windows of the tenants, especially the North windows, the windows in the south and outside 6m not planting trees.
Based on modern residents of the health requirements and neighborhood greening trees must use non-toxic trees or shrubs can live in the selection of greenery beautiful, fast-growing, poor management of pharmaceutical and health care, Aroma plants that benefit human health, but also mental and physical adjustment, but also beautify the environment. Such plants such as camphor trees, ginkgo, cedar lone, Podocarpus, F., loquat, fig, smile, peonies, aspartame grass, Hemerocallis, Hosts, Iris auspicious grass, Sheehan, wild chrysanthemum, and other trees or shrubs and bedding plants. In plant health priority at the same time, but also to a longer and flowering plants such as leaf color Malts Begonia, papaya Begonia, the Bauhinia. plum, cherry, Deutzia, sprayed snow and Hosing, Admiralty, Puppets, Din-tang, Lagerstroemia, Hyperacid pabulums, Gardenia jasminoides, acanthus, Hangmen, Claws maple, Winter sweet, Hung Shum wood.#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
4. Urban district of plant configuration plant configuration to
In the residence area for plant configuration, it should focus on its level match. Use shrubs, to be mixed configuration of high-, medium and low, the ground layer 4 level, This further space division and connections through various levels, so that more space for the rhythms of nature. This level during the match when the attention should be trees and shrubs at a ratio of 1: 3-6 The appropriate turf area (Ciao, Projection scope except shrubs), or more than 30% of the green area, to the attention of other types of colorful plants. Area emphasis on fitting in the portfolio, it should completely abandon the past, a large fitting Landscape Mistakes. But fitting are still in Gardening played an important role. Color Block when briefness, according to the requirements of the designers arbitrary various graphic designs; using the model fitting profile shapes can be achieved by forming the fastest results, the rapid greening meet landscaping requirements; Conservation relatively simple, only after the formation of a discontinuity for regular pruning, we can achieve better results Green; As long as a reasonable choice-colored leaf trees, we can let fitting seasons basically unchanged. More important is the fitting design is more modern aesthetic concepts, especially in the European Community and in a more harmonious environment; easily give the impression that a clean and orderly environment, a strong modern flavor. Rational use of color database, to the greatest extent can attract people's attention. The paper is now common combinations: red blocks of Berber’s, Loropetalum Chinese; Green block a melon box, Boxes, Euonymus japonicas, cuckoo; yellow block a California privet, throwing corals, Phnom Penh box; also useful red green, snow Dust and other herbaceous flowers.
The "Provisional early springtime flowers Hingham, a good summer shade tree, see the autumn leaves changing fruit Winter depression is not green. "This poem speaks the season changes on the district design the most direct request: maintain three quarters of flowering, evergreen four seasons. Also note that the whole hue small changes in the mix of color on the trees, we can use some color contrast to the larger species, and this could make the district more lively green.
Although woody herb flowers in application management more cumbersome, however relatively more easy to control and easy to become Landscape elements. The composition of the district must consider the color of plants, flowers, crown, shape and height of plant life, growth potential etc., can be co-ordinate. For each combination of design, but also consider the surrounding bare ground, lawns and ponds, surface composition, and several of the relationship between.
Every one has a theme, every garden must have a visual focus this is what we call the garden of the main prospects. Residential Area for urban design can not run its focus landscape configuration, it can be water features; Hill also is King, it can also be a landscape planting, as long as you can coordinate with the environment is good, Area residents can be recognized is excellent. It is worth mentioning that the district is the main theme of the issue. Now the garden is not empty, and not ideological, not the garden. Modern garden itself is thinking, a cultural presence, we respect such a presence at the same time, we must understand Gardens main keynote role, set the tone in order to create a neighborhood garden atmosphere can express their subject.#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
5. Concluding remarks 
To build rich features and novelty of living spaceUK thesis base environment Residential Area is entirely possible, As long as each of our designers in the planning, design Gaochuangzuo, forget about dogmas, It is not difficult to emerging characteristics and the surrounding environment for people to live and psychological Residential Area, people as possible to provide a comfortable, quiet and beautiful new living environment. That also requires each plan designers must have professional skills, sufficient information and knowledge across disciplines.
 城市居住小區(qū)綠化探討
摘要：在城市人口膨脹的今天，人們面對(duì)外界的各種壓力，已經(jīng)身心疲憊，需要找尋一個(gè)舒適的人居環(huán)境來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)身心。對(duì)于人居和人聚的兩個(gè)相關(guān)問(wèn)題園林設(shè)計(jì)師應(yīng)該予以高度重視，居住小區(qū)的綠化問(wèn)題直接影響到聚居的質(zhì)量。我們?cè)诳紤]人們的健康、生活質(zhì)量的時(shí)候要對(duì)居住小區(qū)的綠化進(jìn)行生態(tài)的設(shè)計(jì)，這樣讓人與自然更加協(xié)調(diào)，使人更加與自然相接近。并且在設(shè)計(jì)中配置的植物盡量達(dá)到清潔空氣、美化環(huán)境、調(diào)節(jié)身心的目的。
關(guān)鍵詞：居住小區(qū) 生態(tài)園林 綠化 可持續(xù)發(fā)展
1、城市園林綠化的趨勢(shì)
作為人居環(huán)境的城市居民區(qū)，其首先要了解的就是小區(qū)住戶的要求，即居住區(qū)的綠化造景要最大限度地考慮居民的生活和休閑的要求。現(xiàn)代人所要求的生活質(zhì)量的提高是圍繞物質(zhì)生活和精神生活展開(kāi)的，在物質(zhì)生活得以滿足、精神生活逐漸豐富的今天，人們會(huì)追求一個(gè)更健康、與自己更有親和力地環(huán)境。居住區(qū)綠化中，不僅要考慮到美的要素，更要充分考慮居住區(qū)里的主體 —— 人的需要，只有了解了這種需要，再?gòu)倪@種需要出發(fā)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，進(jìn)行必要的美的處理，才能達(dá)到居民滿意的效果。對(duì)于一個(gè)能滿足實(shí)用、美觀的原則小區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)，要 “ 以人為本 ” 的思想作思想基礎(chǔ)，以人立足點(diǎn)，從人的方位去綜合考慮，在此同時(shí)，達(dá)到人與自然的和諧。人與自然和諧的發(fā)展是城市發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在的一種趨勢(shì)，就現(xiàn)在及未來(lái)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間都有其正確性。
18 世紀(jì)以來(lái)，世界各國(guó)均以工業(yè)化發(fā)展的程度作為衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國(guó)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即 “ 把追求 gdp 的增長(zhǎng)看做是建設(shè)強(qiáng)國(guó)的唯一目標(biāo)與動(dòng)力 ” ，在這各思想導(dǎo)向下，人類對(duì)自然造成了無(wú)窮的破壞。不過(guò)人類很快看到了自己對(duì)世界所起到的負(fù)面影響， 1972 年通過(guò)了《人類環(huán)境宣言》， 1982 年《我們共同的未來(lái)》中，第一次明確提出了可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念： “ 既滿足當(dāng)代人的需要，又不損害后代人滿足需要的能力的發(fā)展。 ”“ 可持續(xù)發(fā)展 ” 的理論在各界引起高度重視而用來(lái)指導(dǎo)城市小區(qū)綠化的直接表現(xiàn)就是出現(xiàn)了生態(tài)型小區(qū)綠化景觀，根據(jù)景觀生態(tài)學(xué)原理和方法，合理地規(guī)劃呈現(xiàn)空間結(jié)構(gòu)，使廊道、鑲嵌體及基質(zhì)等景觀要素的數(shù)量，及其空間分布合理，使信息流、物質(zhì)流與能量流暢通；使景觀不僅符合生態(tài)學(xué)原理，而且有一定的美學(xué)價(jià)值，適于人類聚居。
2002 年，零點(diǎn)調(diào)查公司，在全國(guó)做了一次市場(chǎng)調(diào)查：“你最想擁有什么？”被調(diào)查者中有70%以上的人選擇了“健康”.由此可見(jiàn)，現(xiàn)代人對(duì)健康的關(guān)注程度超過(guò)了以往任何時(shí)期。根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織對(duì)健康的定義：“健康，就是指人在身體上、精神上、社會(huì)上完全處于良好的狀態(tài)。”在現(xiàn)在巨大的工作壓力、單調(diào)的生活內(nèi)容、復(fù)雜的人際關(guān)系的圍繞下，保持健康有其難度。為此重視環(huán)境問(wèn)題的設(shè)計(jì)師們應(yīng)努力為現(xiàn)代人創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更適合的人居環(huán)境，從單純的對(duì)藝術(shù)形式和視覺(jué)的追求中走出來(lái)，注重生態(tài)對(duì)人類身心的調(diào)劑功能。將自然引入居住區(qū)，引到每個(gè)居民身邊，以景觀學(xué)、行為學(xué)、生態(tài)學(xué)、美學(xué)等學(xué)科理論綜合考慮、科學(xué)論證、合理規(guī)劃，為人們提供一個(gè)良好的居住區(qū)環(huán)境。
2、現(xiàn)代居住區(qū)綠化的空間問(wèn)題
在進(jìn)行小區(qū)綠化時(shí)，規(guī)定了綠化面積的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，小區(qū)綠化應(yīng)確保 35% 以上的綠化率，而綠地本身的綠化率要大于 70% ，也就是說(shuō)綠地中的硬質(zhì)景觀，包括道路、地坪、建筑小品、噴水池、雕塑等占地面積只能控制在 30% 以內(nèi)，而這個(gè)數(shù)字也應(yīng)越小越好。一個(gè)小區(qū)綠化質(zhì)量，雖然不能通過(guò)純數(shù)字來(lái)體現(xiàn)，但是為了有更多綠化的面積，設(shè)計(jì)師們必須認(rèn)真思考。
隨著生活水平的提高，汽車終將成為人們的代步工具，對(duì)于居民用戶的汽車，必須建設(shè)車庫(kù)。在設(shè)計(jì)中可以將車庫(kù)轉(zhuǎn)入地下，或轉(zhuǎn)向立體停車場(chǎng)，這樣有幾大好處：一是減少噪音，二是增加交通安全。通過(guò)這樣的設(shè)計(jì)，可以使得小區(qū)中有限的不可再生的土地最大限度的用于綠化戶外活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所，更符合現(xiàn)代小區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)的要求。
在對(duì)住宅區(qū)建筑規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)之時(shí)要考慮綠化對(duì)屋頂產(chǎn)生的承重、防漏等問(wèn)題。這樣設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)的房屋可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行屋頂與墻面的綠化，做到空間的六面綠化效果，最大限度的改善人居環(huán)境，使居民更貼近自然。例如上海五大豪宅之一的河濱豪園，其屋頂綠化、垂直綠化、室內(nèi)綠化及地面綠化成了一個(gè)完整的綠色鏈，成了蘇州河邊綠帶的代表。
由于現(xiàn)在的居民樓相對(duì)的樓層都較高，在小區(qū)綠化時(shí)不能只考慮樓層低的居民，也應(yīng)該考慮樓層中、高的這些居民俯視時(shí)對(duì)小區(qū)綠化的景觀感受。因而設(shè)計(jì)師在小區(qū)綠化造景之時(shí)，要充分考慮樓層較高的居民的俯視感受。
現(xiàn)在有些小區(qū)在建設(shè)之初，一般只有初步的考察一下地形然后將地推平，然后在平地上建設(shè)、綠化。這樣完全破壞了當(dāng)?shù)氐脑硷L(fēng)貌。在小區(qū)建設(shè)之初，應(yīng)該充分考查其現(xiàn)狀。在建設(shè)時(shí)應(yīng)該對(duì)其當(dāng)?shù)氐淖匀贿z跡、古樹(shù)名木進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)谋Ｗo(hù)及利用。因?yàn)樽匀贿z跡、古樹(shù)名木時(shí)歷史的象征、是文化的積淀，在有意識(shí)的保護(hù)之下能夠體現(xiàn)一個(gè)小區(qū)的文化氣息，展現(xiàn)居民小區(qū)的特色，有利于提高居民的生態(tài)意識(shí)。
在景觀道路、雕塑、健身設(shè)施的設(shè)計(jì)安排時(shí)，必須將建筑的尺度、景觀小品的尺度、樹(shù)木的尺度進(jìn)行綜合的考慮、合理的量化。每個(gè)人都需要適度的戶外空間，在盡量加大綠化面積的同時(shí)，所有人的參與園林的因素都應(yīng)該加以考慮。因?yàn)闆](méi)有人的參與的、沒(méi)有感知的綠地是蒼白的、沒(méi)有意義、缺少品位的。小區(qū)綠地需要有公眾性、開(kāi)放性、參與性，對(duì)應(yīng)這樣的需要的就是盡量的使居民能夠在小區(qū)綠地中聚集，即現(xiàn)在所經(jīng)常討論的“人居”與“人聚”的問(wèn)題。景觀道路、健身設(shè)施等戶外空間合理分布于綠地中正是“人聚”的需要。
3、植物的選擇
在對(duì)居住區(qū)的綠化植被進(jìn)行選擇時(shí)，一定要注意居民的喜好，選擇居民喜聞樂(lè)見(jiàn)的植物進(jìn)行配置。只有與居民的喜好相一致的植物選擇才能使小區(qū)的綠化具有親和力，使居民產(chǎn)生認(rèn)同感。例如在小區(qū)中栽植均一成行的松柏，使之森森然的樣子。表面上好象綠化很好，但是在人們的潛意識(shí)里會(huì)對(duì)這樣的環(huán)境產(chǎn)生墓地的感覺(jué)，被居民所排斥，不能達(dá)到其應(yīng)有的效果。這里不是說(shuō)人們對(duì)松柏就沒(méi)有認(rèn)同感，小區(qū)綠化造景中不能使用松柏，而是人們由于厭惡一些事物而會(huì)對(duì)與之相近的事物產(chǎn)生厭惡的感覺(jué)。松柏在小區(qū)綠化中進(jìn)行孤植，作為焦點(diǎn)景物也是可以起到很好的園林表達(dá)效果的。
喬木在小區(qū)中的應(yīng)用主要是從生態(tài)和造景兩個(gè)方面來(lái)考慮。由于喬木樹(shù)冠的絕對(duì)面積大，因而在在小區(qū)綠化中能夠制造更多的氧氣，吸收更多的廢氣及有害氣體，因而喬木的應(yīng)用在小區(qū)中更有利于居民的健康。在對(duì)喬木的選擇上，落葉喬木與常綠喬木在整個(gè)小區(qū)中所占的比重一般約為1：2的比率。由于落葉喬木越古樸，枝干、樹(shù)形越迷人，最具備樹(shù)木的色彩美、形態(tài)美、季相美、風(fēng)韻美，因此最能體現(xiàn)園林的季相變化，使小區(qū)一年四季各不同；而常綠喬木可以給人四季如春的意境。在做小區(qū)綠化設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)該根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)意圖合理安排選擇。在喬木的選擇上一個(gè)小區(qū)不能太多，多則雜、雜則亂，一般選3種主體樹(shù)種，選4種輔助樹(shù)種。喬木的種植不能離住戶的窗戶太近，尤其是南北窗戶，在南面窗戶外6m不得種植喬木。
    基于現(xiàn)代居民對(duì)健康的要求，小區(qū)綠化的樹(shù)種，必須選用無(wú)毒的喬灌木，可以在居住區(qū)綠化時(shí)選擇美觀、生長(zhǎng)快、管理粗放的藥用、保健、香味植物，即利于人體保健，又可調(diào)節(jié)身心，也可美化環(huán)境。這類植物如香樟、銀杏、雪松、龍柏、羅漢松、粗榧、枇杷、無(wú)花果、含笑、牡丹、門冬草、萱草、玉簪、鳶尾、吉祥草、射干、野菊花等喬灌木及草花。在優(yōu)先選擇保健植物的同時(shí)，還應(yīng)注意花期較長(zhǎng)及色葉植物如垂絲海棠、木瓜海棠、紫荊、榆葉梅、櫻花、溲疏、噴雪花、黃馨、金鐘、迎春、棣棠、紫薇、金絲梅、梔子花、桂花、紅楓、雞爪槭、蠟梅、紅瑞木等。
4、居民小區(qū)中植物的配置
    在居住小區(qū)中進(jìn)行植物配置的時(shí)候，也應(yīng)該注重其層次的搭配。利用喬灌、地被的混合配置出高、中、低、地被層四個(gè)層次，這樣再進(jìn)行空間的分割及聯(lián)系，通過(guò)各個(gè)層次，使空間更具自然的節(jié)奏。在進(jìn)行這種層次的搭配之時(shí)，應(yīng)注意喬木與灌木的比例約為1：6為宜，草皮面積（喬、灌木投影范圍除外），不高于綠地面積的30%，另外要注意植物種類的豐富多彩。小區(qū)在注重運(yùn)用色塊組合的同時(shí)，應(yīng)該徹底摒棄以往的一種大色塊造景的誤區(qū)。但是色塊的處理手法仍然在園林造景中占有重要的地位。色塊布置時(shí)色彩簡(jiǎn)潔明快，可按設(shè)計(jì)者的要求任意作出各種圖形圖案；采用色塊的模紋形狀可以達(dá)到最快的成形效果，滿足快速綠化美化的要求；養(yǎng)護(hù)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，只需要一次成形后經(jīng)常間斷性進(jìn)行修剪，就可以達(dá)到較好的綠化效果；只要合理選擇色葉樹(shù)種，就可以讓色塊四季基本不變，更加重要的是色塊的設(shè)計(jì)比較符合現(xiàn)代人的審美觀念，特別在歐式建設(shè)的小區(qū)中和環(huán)境比較和諧；容易使人感覺(jué)環(huán)境整潔有序，現(xiàn)代氣息較濃。合理運(yùn)用色塊，可以最大程度地吸引人們的注意力?，F(xiàn)在常見(jiàn)的色塊組合有：紅色塊為紅葉小檗，紅花檵木；綠色塊有瓜子黃楊、雀舌黃楊、大葉黃楊、杜鵑；黃色塊有金葉女貞、灑金珊瑚、金邊黃楊；也有用紅綠草、雪葉菊等草本花卉。
“春意早臨花爭(zhēng)艷，夏季濃蔭好乘涼，秋季多變看葉果，冬季蒼翠不蕭條。” 這首詩(shī)道出了季節(jié)變化及對(duì)小區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)的最直接要求：應(yīng)保持三季有花，四季常綠。另外注意整個(gè)小的色相變化，在有色樹(shù)種的搭配上，可以采用一些色彩對(duì)比度較大的樹(shù)種，這樣可以使小區(qū)的綠化更加生動(dòng)活潑。
    雖然草本花卉在應(yīng)用中的管理比較煩瑣，但是相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)更容易為進(jìn)行控制，易于成為造景要素。在組合時(shí)必須考慮到小區(qū)中植物的色澤、花型、樹(shù)冠、形狀和高度、植物壽命、生長(zhǎng)勢(shì)等方面，才能互相協(xié)調(diào)。對(duì)于每個(gè)組合的設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，還應(yīng)該考慮周圍裸露的地面、草坪、水池、地表等幾個(gè)組合之間的關(guān)系。
每一個(gè)園林都有一個(gè)主題思想，每一個(gè)園林也必須有一個(gè)視覺(jué)焦點(diǎn)，這就是我們所說(shuō)的這個(gè)園林中的主景。對(duì)于城市居住小區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)說(shuō)不可能不考慮其焦點(diǎn)景物的配置，可以是水景，也可以是山石景，也可以是植物造景，只要能與環(huán)境相協(xié)調(diào)就是好的，能被小區(qū)居民所認(rèn)同的就是優(yōu)秀的。在這里值得一提的就是小區(qū)的主基調(diào)的問(wèn)題?，F(xiàn)在的園林不是空洞的、沒(méi)有思想的、沒(méi)有內(nèi)容的園林。現(xiàn)代園林本身就是一種思想、一種文化的存在，我們尊重這種存在的同時(shí)，就必須理解園林中主基調(diào)的作用，定了基調(diào)才能創(chuàng)造出小區(qū)的園林氛圍，才能表達(dá)出主題。
5、結(jié)束語(yǔ)
要建設(shè)富有特點(diǎn)和具有新穎的居住空間環(huán)境的居住小區(qū)是完全可能的，只要我們每個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)者在規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)上搞創(chuàng)作，不拘泥于教條，不難出現(xiàn)具有特色的與周圍環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)適合人們居住心理的居住小區(qū)，盡可能地給人們提供舒適、安靜和新穎優(yōu)美的居住環(huán)境。這也同時(shí)需要我們每個(gè)規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)者們必須具有豐富的專業(yè)技巧，充足的信息及跨學(xué)科的知識(shí)。