How to write an argumentative essay「寫作指南」
How to write an argumentative essay?In this type of work, you must develop an argument - an informed opinion - and support it with sound, logical assertions. These are actually rather enjoyable to write, because it gives you a chance to write what you think on the issues that have been discussed in class. But if you have any issues with this type of paper, you can easily ask our argumentative essay writer to help.
一.how to write an argumentative essay
Writing an argumentative essay, it might be useful to come up with a plan for it first, an outline. An outline is a part of your paper that shows its structure and main points. Its goal is to help a student organize all the info the right way. You may even be asked to submit an outline first. If this is the case, the following information will normally be expected:
寫一篇議論文，首先想出一個(gè)計(jì)劃可能會(huì)有用，一個(gè)大綱。提綱是你的論文的一部分，展示它的結(jié)構(gòu)和主要觀點(diǎn)。它的目標(biāo)是幫助學(xué)生以正確的方式組織所有的信息。你甚至可能被要求先提交一份大綱。在這種情況下，一般會(huì)收到下列資料:
Introduction
State the argument or position (thesis statement) that answers the essay title (research question). For example:
‘How does attachment disorder influence child development?’
Answer or position (thesis statement) e.g.,
‘A child with insecure attachment will have trouble developing meaningful and secure relationships throughout their life.’
Main Body
History of the argument e.g., a description of ‘a(chǎn)ttachment theory’.
Extent of the problem e.g., an explanation of children who have or are likely to have insecure attachment and why.
Effects of the problem e.g., inability to develop meaningful and secure relationships and what difficulties this may lead to.
Possible solutions e.g., explanations of therapeutic treatments and how these treatments can help a child with insecure attachment.
Conclusion
Summarize your main points and answer the thesis statement.
Even if an outline is not requested by your college, it is a good idea to create one anyway as it will help you maintain focus and structure in your argumentative essay.
二. how to start an argumentative essay
Getting started can be terribly difficult, because most likely you have many different ideas and opinions, and you simply can’t express them all at once. That is not surprising, since our thought processes work very quickly, much faster than we can contemplate. The trick is, though, to slow down these processes and think about the following:
1.How to Choose a Topic
Two things might happen in class. Firstly, a professor may allow you to choose your own topic, or, he might assign you a topic from the list of argumentative essay topics. If he assigns a topic, it might be something you could care less about; however, you’re simply going to have to grin and bear it the best you can. That’s just the way of things at a university. But, hopefully, you have a professor who is willing to cut you some slack by letting you write about what interests you, because this will make your argumentative essay writing task more enjoyable.
在課堂上可能會(huì)發(fā)生兩件事。首先，教授可能會(huì)允許你選擇自己的主題，或者，他可能會(huì)從議論文的主題列表中給你分配一個(gè)主題。如果他布置了一個(gè)主題，那可能是你不太關(guān)心的東西;然而，你只能笑笑，盡你所能地忍受。這就是大學(xué)的生活方式。但是，希望你有一位教授愿意給你一些幫助，讓你寫你感興趣的東西，因?yàn)檫@將使你的議論文寫作更有趣。
When choosing topic, make sure it is class-related by reading through your notes and textbook. You’ll never go wrong by choosing to write about something a professor lectured about.
2.Conducting Research
Before even begin working on any essay, first read up on the topic so that you know what to write about, because your arguments can only be properly defended by factual evidence that supports your claims - not opinions. A professor is going to expect you to use primary and secondary sources. The best place to find these is in your textbook. Each textbook comes with a bibliography or a ‘recommended reading list’, if not both. In these books you are going to find more than enough research material. You can also find a lot of very good information on the reference section of a Wikipedia article that covers the subject you are investigating. It is a very good idea to take notes on what you read and write down the publishing information of each source you took notes on. These notes will come in handy when you make bibliography.
3.Don’t Forget to Pre-write
Before you start working on an argumentative essay outline, engage in what writers call “pre-writing.” Pre-writing is a process of recording all the thoughts that come to your mind regarding the topic of your choosing. Sit down with a pen and paper and jot down every single word or phrase that comes into mind until your brain stops talking. After finishing, you will see a lot of coherent thoughts and ideas written on the paper, which can be used in your writing.
在你開始寫議論文提綱之前，要做一些作者所說的“預(yù)寫”。預(yù)寫是一個(gè)記錄關(guān)于你選擇的主題的所有想法的過程。拿筆和紙坐下來，記下腦海中出現(xiàn)的每一個(gè)單詞或詞組，直到你的大腦停止說話。完成后，你會(huì)看到很多條理清晰的想法和想法寫在紙上，這些都可以在你的寫作中使用。
4.How to Create an Argumentative Essay Outline
Before start working, you must create an outline for your project. Think of an outline at the foundation and frame of a home. Without these things the house will collapse, as will your essay. The basic outline of a five page essay looks like the following:
Introductory Paragraph: Introduce the position you’ve taken to the reader and state your opinion in a one to two sentence thesis statement. It is in your thesis statement where you clearly state your opinion.
Your Arguments: This is where your research comes in handy. Briefly state the background of the topic, and then present the reader with facts that support your assertions.
Refutations: Your research will also come in handy for this section, especially if the position of those with a differing viewpoint is built on sand, i.e. factoids, bias, and deliberate misinformation. As one person once said, “You are entitled to your opinions, but not your own set of facts.”
Conclusion: In the conclusion you finalize the case, and you can do this in several ways. One, summarize all of your previous arguments and clearly state that for these reasons the opposing viewpoint is wrong, or use this as an opportunity to call your audience to action.
Write down this argumentative essay structure on a piece of paper, and under each section (introduction, arguments, refutations, conclusion) scribble down what you want to say in each section. You can borrow the material you wrote from your pre-writing to do this.
5.Writing an Argumentative Essay
Composition is a very difficult task, but if you’ve done all of the above, you’ve fought half the battle. All you have to do now is drive your attack home by dedicating time throughout the day to completing the task of composing a text. Our advice is not to wait until the last minute to start; doing this will make your work look hurried, resulting in your professor thinking you to be a low-quality writer. Instead, work a little bit every day until you are done.
Another thing to do well is learn how to transition between paragraphs. Learning which words and phrases to use in order to properly connect your paragraphs together will greatly improve your writing.
Also, take into consideration readers who may not be as familiar with the subject as you are. Always write so that they can understand the material in your essay.
Once you are done, proofread the paper, scanning it for grammatical and spelling errors, as well as any logical fallacies you might find. Also seek help from your professor during his office hours. Ask him to read your rough draft and ask him for advice. Not only will this improve your paper, but it is going to help you to build rapport with your professor.
6.What Argumentative Essay Format Should I Use?
There are many different citation formats, which can be used for citation, such as MLA, Harvard, and APA. A professor will most likely determine the formatting style. Just be sure to follow whichever citation style your professor chooses, and do not deviate from it whatsoever.
Also make sure that you properly cite any sources of information, which was used to support your ideas in accordance with your professor’s formatting guidelines. Forgetting to do this makes it look like you are trying to pass the ideas of the other author as your own. Even if you've done it unintentionally, it is still viewed an accidental plagiarism. If that's the case, consider contacting a paper rewriter, who will surely help to make the paper unique.
還要確保你恰當(dāng)?shù)匾昧巳魏涡畔碓矗@些信息是用來支持你的觀點(diǎn)的，與教授的格式指導(dǎo)一致。忘記這樣做會(huì)讓你看起來像是在把其他作者的觀點(diǎn)當(dāng)作自己的來傳遞。即使你是無意中做的，它仍然被視為偶然剽竊。如果是這樣的話，考慮聯(lián)系一個(gè)論文重寫者，他肯定會(huì)幫助你的論文與眾不同。
三.argumentative essay examples
Controversial topics are often the result of such issues as conflicting ethical principles (e.g., euthanasia), going against traditional values (e.g., LGBT rights, gender roles), addressing societal taboos, focusing on delicate or painful issues/collective memories, or the existence of polarized groups in society having different beliefs/stances (e.g., religious groups, atheists, gun ownership supporters).
Here are some possible topics for hardworking students who want to achieve the best grades:
1.Argumentative Essay Topics for College
Argumentative essay writing is a crucial skill for every student. As a college student, you need to find a “controversial” or “gray-area” topic to argue against or for. Your argumentative essay should include deeply researched facts that will support your claims.
What is the ideal age for obtaining the right to vote?
Are mobile phones really making people anti-social?
Why technology-aided learning should be a standard.
Is socialism bad or have we never implemented it right?
Equal opportunity or equity: Which one and why?
Reasons why the modern political structure is ready for a change.
Money won’t give you happiness in life.
We are living in the best era so far.
The ruling elite should be held accountable in greater measure.
Argumentative Essay Topics for High School
Are digital technologies a good thing for children?
Is celebrity culture good or bad & why?
Is there really a wage gap between men and women?
Should countries get involved in military conflicts around the world?
Is global warming really an issue & how?
What are the effects of sexual education on students?
Is migration good for the US and in what way?
Should citizens have the right to own guns?
Should sexual minorities have their own public bathrooms?
Is traditional public education outdated and ready for an overhaul?
2.Argumentative Essay Topics about Family
The family is the fundamental unit of society, with direct links to the individual. It influences/dictates many other higher level social processes/structures/hierarchies. Hence, its role for the individual and collective existence of humans is simply monumental. This makes it a topic worth researching and exploring from a sociological, cultural, and psychological perspective.
家庭是社會(huì)的基本單位，與個(gè)人有直接聯(lián)系。它影響/支配著許多其他更高層次的社會(huì)過程/結(jié)構(gòu)/等級(jí)制度。因此，它對(duì)人類個(gè)體和集體存在的作用是極其重要的。這使它成為一個(gè)值得從社會(huì)學(xué)、文化和心理學(xué)角度研究和探索的話題。
Moreover, given the current cultural transitions characterizing liberal societies, traditional values on the nature of the family unit have seen a dramatic shift due to a change in gender roles and the recognition of LGBT rights. Thus, families nowadays are facing existential questions; many of the aspects we grew accustomed to are being redefined (e.g., same-sex marriages and parents). Here is a short list of argumentative essay topics related to family:
Should homosexual partners be allowed to adopt children?
It is ok for a parent to physically discipline his child?
Should mothers stay at home and look after children, or should they work like their husbands?
Are children better off in two-parent households?
Should someone who has been convicted of a sex crime be allowed to visit his own children?
Should children be forcibly taken from their parents if the state feels that the parents are incompetent?
What are the advantages and benefits of reading to children?
Do you believe that same-sex couples make better or worse parents?
What positive and negative long-term effects can corporal punishment have on children?
Should families have a television in the house or not?
3.Society Essay Topics
We are all defined by the society we live in. Whether we are aware of this or not, our culture slowly carves our personalities as we grow up, mature, and age. This influence is exerted through the families who raise us, our friends or romantic partners, our teachers/professors and academic colleagues, our professional contacts, the churches we attend, and any other person we interact with on the street, on the phone, online, etc. One of the fundamental principles by which society functions states, “My liberty ends where your liberty begins.”
我們都是由我們所生活的社會(huì)所定義的。無論我們是否意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，隨著我們的成長(zhǎng)、成熟和年齡的增長(zhǎng)，我們的文化會(huì)慢慢地塑造我們的個(gè)性。這種影響是通過養(yǎng)育我們的家庭、我們的朋友或戀人、我們的老師/教授和學(xué)術(shù)同事、我們的職業(yè)關(guān)系、我們參加的教堂，以及我們?cè)诮稚稀⒃陔娫捓铩⒃诰W(wǎng)上等任何與我們互動(dòng)的人來施加的。社會(huì)運(yùn)作的基本原則之一是:“我的自由止于你的自由。”
While this depicts the general spirit, every individual situation/social relationship is characterized by peculiar circumstances that all need to be considered in order to reach a mutually satisfying solution (or at least a compromise). Societies worldwide are undergoing serious changes nowadays, changes which also need to be addressed. Below is a selection of argumentative essay topics related to society:
Should abortion be legal or illegal?
Do you believe that a person who is terminally ill has a right to assisted suicide?
Should private businesses be allowed to discriminate against their clients based on race, gender, or sexual orientation?
What should countries do to address the problem of illegal immigration?
Should the Church play a more active role in government and society?
Is the death penalty an effective deterrent to criminals?
Should countries have a social safety net that protects the needy and the disadvantaged?
Do you think that those receiving welfare payments should be required to actively seek work?
What positive and negative effects does globalization have on societies?
Does diversity in the workplace increase or decrease tension?
4.Argumentative Essay Topics on Immigration
Immigration is a controversial topic that has been discussed often over the past decade, which makes it perfect for an argumentative essay. It allows you to give strong reasons behind supporting, rejecting, or changing how immigration is handled.
How opening all the borders in the world will cause chaos.
Situations in which illegal immigration should be justified.
How do countries benefit from immigration?
Why stopping wars is the best way to prevent immigration.
Reasons why people want to emigrate to another country.
Will building walls stop illegal immigration?
Should refugees running away from conflict be seen as illegals?
Why are there so many people against immigration?
What are the effects of immigration on the economy?
Should governments increase screening of immigrants from the Middle East?
Topics for argumentative essays should be special and unique. This is your chance to stand out and pick something that others might have tried to avoid. Don’t be scared to take the risk if it is properly calculated. Common themes are way too boring and will not deliver the message you mean to send to your audience. But if you are going to choose a unique and controversial topic, you should make sure you can provide enough information. Include enough data to argue for both sides of the argument.
議論文的選題要特別、獨(dú)特。這是你脫穎而出的機(jī)會(huì)，你可以選擇一些其他人可能會(huì)試圖避免的事情。如果經(jīng)過合理的計(jì)算，不要害怕去冒險(xiǎn)。常見的主題太無聊了，而且不能傳達(dá)你想要傳達(dá)給觀眾的信息。但是如果你要選擇一個(gè)獨(dú)特且有爭(zhēng)議的話題，你應(yīng)該確保你能提供足夠的信息。包含足夠的數(shù)據(jù)來支持論點(diǎn)的雙方。
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