市場學Essay代寫范文：Analysis of Moleskine Marketing
本文是市場學專業的Essay代寫范例，題目是“Analysis of Moleskine Marketing（Moleskine營銷分析）”，Moleskine于1997年由米蘭的一家小出版商創立，該出版商希望重振這款歷史悠久、傳統豐富的產品。根據案例研究，我們意識到moleskine正在試圖找回一種很快就會消失的產品。了解消費者行為如何通過了解消費者的特點和個性來幫助傳統產品保持活力是至關重要的。進一步細分他們能夠找到一個解決方案，可以幫助營銷人員計劃他們的營銷組合，溝通工具連接現代消費者，也提出了新的營銷溝通戰略和戰術。
Executive Summary執行概要
Moleskine was founded in 1997 by a small Milanese publisher that wanted to revive a product that is rich in history and tradition. Based on the case study we are aware that moleskine is trying to bring back a product that soon to be vanished. It is critical and crucial to know that how consumer behavior can help to keep this traditional product alive by understanding characteristics personalities of consumers. Further segmenting them to be able to find out a solution that can assist marketers in planning their marketing mix, communication tools to connect with the modern consumer, also coming up with new strategies and tactics of marketing communication.
Definition of Personality
Personality might be characterized as the internal aspects which impacts a singular’s conduct and activities consistent with the social and the physical environment. Attributes contrasts one single person from an alternate singular, no two individual impart the same qualities and are precisely indistinguishable.
Neo-Freudian Theory新弗洛伊德理論
In the case of the Neo-Freudian Theory, consumers of Moleskine possess more of the detached personality, as these are the individuals who move far from others. They covet independence, freedom, individualism or opportunity from commitments. This can be seen in Moleskine as well, as it can be seen in the case study. “Moleskine launched its modern-era range of diaries in 1997, around the time laptop computers and personal telecommunication devices were breaking into the market” (Schiffman, O’Cass, Paladino and Carlson 2014, 621). This shows that moleskine’s consumers still uses analogue or old fashioned products even in times of rising technology as they do not conform to the society and uses whatever which is suitable for them.
在新弗洛伊德理論中，Moleskine的消費者擁有更多的超脫人格，因為這些人遠離他人。他們渴望獨立、自由、個人主義或從承諾中獲得機會。這在Moleskine中也可以看到，在案例研究中也可以看到。“Moleskine在1997年推出了一系列現代日記，當時筆記本電腦和個人通訊設備正進入市場”(Schiffman, O 'Cass, Paladino和Carlson, 2014, 621)。這說明，即使在科技不斷發展的時代，moleskine的消費者仍然在使用仿制品或老式產品，他們不適應社會，只使用適合自己的產品。
Traits Theory
In the case of the traits theory, moleskine’s consumers are those which possesses high scores for extroversion and openness to experience from the big five model as they are creative, will document their likings, personal stories and experiences. They are people who loves to travel and are interested in other cultures and are comfortable to socialize with others. Basically, these are traits which are similar to that of moleskine as they focuses on art, culture and creativity. Furthermore, their products are divided into 3 categories which are travelling, reading and writing which are again similar of their consumers. It is the similarity of the consumer and brand personality which attracts the consumers to buy and use moleskine’s products.
Personality and Consumer Behavior個性與消費者行為
As noted from above, consumers of moleskine are those who possesses detached personality and in the case of consumer behavior. It is similar to that of the inner-directed consumers, as they depend on their internal values or benchmarks in assessing new items. Inner-directed consumers will buy products that please and perform for them and they are not concerned about what others think of the product that they are using. The consumers deem that moleskine’s notebook satisfies their inner values and performs for them. Similarly, moleskine is a product of old tradition and old fashioned in the modern age of technology where laptops and computers are commonly used. However, the consumers are susceptive to interpersonal influence as well. This is due to the fact that they feel that moleskine’s art, culture and creativity fits their social group.
如上所述，moleskine的消費者是具有超然人格的人，在消費者行為的情況下。這類似于內部導向的消費者，因為他們在評估新產品時依賴于自己的內部價值或基準。內在導向的消費者會購買讓他們滿意并為他們表演的產品，他們不關心別人對他們使用的產品的看法。消費者認為moleskine的筆記本滿足了他們的內在價值，并為他們表演。同樣的，moleskine是一種古老傳統的產物，在現代科技時代，筆記本電腦和電腦被普遍使用。然而，消費者也容易受到人際影響。這是因為他們覺得moleskine的藝術、文化和創造力很適合他們的社會群體。
There will definitely be commonality between moleskine’s consumers and other consumers. Contrary to having detached personality, moleskine’s consumers too have other personality traits like being modern which are common to other consumers as well. The consumers are modern even though of the analogue product that they are using, as moleskine uses new media to communicate with their consumers. Such as MSK 2 which is a digital notebook which the consumers can customize and create their own notebook. Moleskine utilizes social media, in the likes of YouTube, Vimeo, Facebook, etc.
VALS program瓦爾斯計劃
VALS is a program developed by Arnold Mitchell allowing us to better fathom about the segmentations and profile of adults American consumers. There are eight type of adult American consumers segmented by VALS based on their mindsets, using a specific set of psychological traits and key demographics that drive consumer behavior. The eight type of adult American consumers are the innovators, thinkers, believers, achievers, strivers, experiencers, makers and lastly the survivors. There are three primary motivation that drives the eight different types of consumers they are ideas, achievement and self-expression. The concept of primary motivation explains consumer attitudes and anticipates behavior. The resources of the eight type of consumers would also affect the consumer’s behavior, resources refers to a person’s age, income, education, self-confidence, health, eagerness to buy or try and its energy level this psychological, physical, emotional, demographic, socioeconomic will constrain or enhance a person’s expression of his or her primary motivation.
瓦爾斯是阿諾德米切爾開發的一個項目，讓我們更好地了解細分市場和美國成人消費者的概況。根據他們的心態，利用特定的心理特征和驅動消費者行為的關鍵人口統計數據，瓦爾斯將美國成年消費者分為八類。美國成年消費者的八種類型是創新者、思考者、信仰者、成功者、奮斗者、體驗者、創造者以及最后的幸存者。8種不同類型的消費者主要有3種動機，即想法、成就和自我表達。主要動機的概念解釋了消費者的態度和預期行為。這八種類型的消費者的資源也會影響消費者的行為，資源是指一個人的年齡，收入，教育，自信，健康，購買或嘗試的渴望，以及它的能量水平心理，身體，情感，人口統計，社會經濟將限制或加強一個人對他或她的主要動機的表達。
Roy Morgan’s value segments
Roy Morgan’s value segments of Australian consumer has a segmentation of ten different type of consumers group. “The ten types of consumers are the socially aware, visible achievement, young optimism, real conservatism, look at me, conventional family life, traditional family life, a fairer deal, something better and basic needs”.(Roy Morgan 2014) This two methods shows how age, gender, marital status, income, education, occupation, social class, health and personality influence the consumer behavior.
Where would Moleskine consumers fit?Moleskine的消費者適合做什么?
The moleskine notebook has a long history and tradition it is reputed to have been used by famous artist, thinkers and writers. The notebook was made famous by Bruce Chatwin and he was the one who gave the notebook its name. “The philosophy of moleskine products are creativity, imaginative and travelling”. (Moleskine 2014)
moleskine筆記本有著悠久的歷史和傳統，它被著名的藝術家、思想家和作家所使用。這本筆記本因布魯斯·查特溫而聞名，是他給了這本筆記本這個名字。“moleskine產品的理念是創造、想象和旅行”。(Moleskine 2014)
The moleskine product will fit better with the Roy Morgan’s value segmentation under the categories of young optimism and real conservatism.
Young optimism
Young optimism refers to a person seeking to improve their prospects in life and wanted to be respected in society. They are long term thinkers, careers planner, attending university and contemplating about the future. Their mindset tends to be associated with people who want to experience life to their fullest for example vacation, a career, friends, and family. They are innovative and interested in technology. Thus the moleskine products totally fits into the profile of the young optimism who are imaginative as they are constantly thinking of their future, creative as they are innovative and interested in technology and lastly they would love to travel around the to broaden their perspective of life.
Real conservatism真正的保守主義
Real conservatism refers to people who are cautious about new things and ideas. They hold very conservative thinking and feel that things are not as good as they used to be. They are willing to pay more for products with quality and are particularly attracted to older, well established brands. Moleskine is a well-established brand as it is the successor to the legendary notebook that has been used by renowned artists and thinkers such as Vincent van Gogh, Pablo Picasso, Ernest Hemingway, and Bruce Chatwin. Thus giving it a sense of class and nostalgia as a diary that retains the old world charm which also could be a trusty and handy travel companion and it fits right into the profile of the real conservatism.
真正的保守主義是指對新事物和新思想持謹慎態度的人。他們的思想非常保守，覺得事情不像以前那么好了。他們愿意為高質量的產品花更多的錢，尤其會被歷史悠久的知名品牌所吸引。Moleskine是一個成熟的品牌，因為它是傳奇筆記本的繼承者，著名的藝術家和思想家，如文森特·梵·高，巴勃羅·畢加索，歐內斯特·海明威和布魯斯·查特溫都曾使用過。因此，作為一篇保留舊世界魅力的日記，它給人一種階級和懷舊的感覺，它也可以是一個值得信賴和方便的旅行伙伴，它正好符合真正的保守主義的形象。
How could these systems assist marketers?
The use of these systems will allow marketers to position or promote their products better. They can use these systems to know which specific segment of consumer that they are targeting, and it will definitely be easier for them to plan the marketing mix (4Ps) strategy with the help of these systems.
Integrated Marketing Communications
Integrated marketing communications (IMC) is define as the coordination and integration of all marketing communication tools, avenues, and sources in a company into a seamless program designed to maximize the impact on customers and stakeholders (Clow and Baack 2012).
It is a concept of marketing communications planning that recognizes the added value of a plan that evaluates the strategic roles of a variety of communication disciplines – general advertising, direct response, sales promotion, and public relations – and combines these disciplines to provide clarity, consistency, and maximum communication impact (Kitchen and Burgmann 2010).
Recommendations
In order for Moleskine to reach out to consumers who are less I.T savvy and resonate better with international consumers, following are some of the recommendations suggested.
Making use of advertising through television, magazines or newspapers will get the message across to audiences whom are less I.T savvy and build a repetitive and consistent approach to increase product awareness.
Moleskine can make use of celebrity endorsement for its products to reach out to international consumers. This means using brand ambassadors that are recognizable by global consumers.
The firm can participate in inter-national trade fairs or exhibitions to publicize and sell their products. This provides an effective way of meeting many existing and potential consumers from different countries (Doole and Lowe 2008).
Jenifer Aaker’s Brand Personality Dimensions
Jenifer Aaker’s brand personality framework is use to describe a brand profile which includes tangible and intangible traits and correlates to humans’ characteristic.
This includes five dimensions (Friend 2012):
Sincerity – This dimension portrays as down-to-earth, honest, wholesome or cheerful in consumer minds.
Excitement – Daring, spirited, imaginative, and on the cutting edge of technology and performance are the most exciting brands.
Competence – This refers to brands with traits such as reliability, intelligence, and success.
Sophisticated – A brand that is sophisticated is viewed as charming and fit for the upper classes.
Ruggedness – Rugged brands are seen as outdoorsy and tough.
The two dimensions that will be suitable for Moleskine are ‘Competence’ and ‘Excitement’. The company had made use of technology such as cloud, social media and iPhone and iPad apps to promote and push their products to the market. These provide consumers the convenience and reliability in terms of data storage on their smart devices. Moreover, by utilizing the various forms of social media will keep Moleskine updated with the latest trends, hence keeping up with the ever changing technology.
Moleskine’s Segmentation and Marketing StrategiesMoleskine的市場細分和營銷策略
Yes, it is possible for other products to use similar segmentation and marketing strategies to Moleskine. Psychographic segmentation divides buyer into different groups based on 1) Lifestyle 2) Social Class, and 3) Personality Characteristics. Moleskine targets designers, professionals, writers, creative, imaginative people, travelers, and business people. Moleskine keeps in mind both their consumers’ lifestyle and their social classes. From working class to upper class where people need to develop new ideas, travelers who love to pen down their experiences, and business people who need to organize their schedule. Moleskine’s consumers’ personality characteristics are creative, imaginative, passionate, traditional and organized. Moleskine’s products vary from simple to stylish hard and soft cover of diaries and etc. The price setting is high. Placing is exclusive distribution. For promotion, they focus on communicating with consumers through social media and interactive websites. Moleskine’s positioning is to open platforms for people to be creative and communicative which contributes to the development of sharing knowledge and culture. Few products that used similar segmentations and marketing strategies as Moleskine are Polaroid cameras and Chanel’s products
是的，其他產品也可以使用類似于Moleskine的細分和營銷策略。心理細分根據1)生活方式2)社會階層3)個性特征將買家劃分為不同的群體。Moleskine的目標客戶是設計師、專業人士、作家、有創造力、有想象力的人、旅行者和商務人士。Moleskine關注消費者的生活方式和社會階層。從工人階級到上層階級，人們需要發展新想法，喜歡寫下自己經歷的旅行者，需要安排自己日程的商務人士。Moleskine的消費者個性特征是創造性、想象力、激情、傳統和有組織。Moleskine的產品從簡單到時尚的硬、軟日記本等。價格定得很高。配售是獨家分銷。在推廣方面，他們注重通過社交媒體和互動網站與消費者溝通。Moleskine的定位是為人們提供創造和交流的平臺，為共享知識和文化的發展做出貢獻。寶麗來相機和香奈兒的產品很少采用與Moleskine類似的細分市場和營銷策略
Polaroid Corporation
Targets creative people, artist, designers, photographers, and experiencers, people that see Polaroid as a status of lifestyle. Polaroid consumers’ social class are from upper to working class, some people like to instantly capture their current experience and develop the picture on the spot; people use it for their projects or special occasions. Polaroid consumers’ personality characteristics are creative and passionate. Polaroid is an exciting brand for youths. Polaroid communicates with consumers through social media and interactive websites. They have their own Facebook, Pinterest, YouTube and Twitter accounts that they constant update status, videos, and pictures. They created smartphone apps such as “Polamatic by Polaroid” where people can take pictures and edit them by applying Polaroid’s authentic frames and extra features. Polaroid Corporation has launched their new retail store called Fotobar, which is available, online as well. It serves a function where people are enabled customize their Polaroid pictures (Melanson, 2013). Polaroid has partnerships with the Andy Warhol Museum and Lady gaga. Polaroid uses global consumer segment as in every country there will be a group of people that meets Polaroid’s targeted market.
Chanel香奈兒
Founded in the year 1909. Chanel consist of lifestyle and luxury products. Chanel is known to be a sophisticated brand for elegant women. Chanel’s products consist of fashion clothing, fine jewelry, watches, accessories, perfumes, and cosmetics. They place their products in their own boutiques. However, their cosmetics and perfumes can be found in certain specific departmental stores. Pricing is high. Their promotion is through fashion shows, celebrities, events, television, magazines, and exhibitions. Chanel uses modern technology to communicate with their consumers. Social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter, YouTube to update their new products, Videos events, and status. Chanel’s videos constantly films and emphasize on their “brand heritage” and how it still exist in their products with a fusion of modern. This strategy reinforces the relationship consumer need to have with the product. Chanel has re-designed their website to create a sleek site that shows elegance and created a few smartphone apps that features videos and looks of the latest products, fashion news, behind the scene features, and contact information for all boutiques, skin care tips using their brand’s facial products. Chanel’s Coco Shine Lipstick was first launched and sold through the social media platform, Facebook. Users were to “like” the page and get complimentary shipping when purchasing. It increases awareness on their online store as some consumers are unaware of it, also, by “liking” the Facebook page will allow consumers to be involved in their future news or product launches. (Zelesny, 2011) Chanel used a male celebrity; Brad Pitt to launched their advertisement on Chanel No.5, Chanel’s female perfume that became the talk on social media. They did it intentionally to increase the popularity of the product (Carr, 2012). Chanel products are lifestyle choices and their product range will fit across in most countries and in every country, there is definitely a group of upper class, high-income people that lives a similar luxurious lifestyle allowing global consumer segmentation of products.
成立于1909年。香奈兒由生活方式和奢侈品組成。香奈兒是為高雅女性設計的成熟品牌。香奈兒的產品包括時尚服裝、高級珠寶、手表、配飾、香水和化妝品。他們把產品放在自己的精品店里。然而，他們的化妝品和香水可以在特定的百貨商店找到。價格是高的。他們通過時裝秀、名人、活動、電視、雜志和展覽來推廣。香奈兒利用現代科技與消費者溝通。Facebook、Twitter、YouTube等社交媒體平臺可以更新他們的新產品、視頻事件和狀態。香奈兒的視頻不斷地拍攝和強調他們的“品牌遺產”，以及它如何與現代融合在他們的產品中。這種策略加強了消費者需要與產品之間的關系。香奈兒重新設計了他們的網站，創建了一個時尚優雅的網站，并創建了一些智能手機應用程序，包括最新產品的視頻和外觀、時尚新聞、幕后功能、所有精品店的聯系信息、使用其品牌面部產品的皮膚護理技巧。香奈兒的Coco Shine Lipstick最初是通過社交媒體平臺Facebook推出并銷售的。用戶可以“喜歡”這個頁面，并在購買時獲得免費送貨。這增加了他們在線商店的認知度，因為一些消費者還沒有意識到這一點，同時，通過“喜歡”Facebook頁面將允許消費者參與他們未來的新聞或產品發布。(Zelesny, 2011)香奈兒使用了一位男性名人;日前，布拉德·皮特為香奈兒5號香水發布廣告，這款香奈兒女性香水在社交媒體上引發熱議。他們這樣做是為了提高產品的知名度(Carr, 2012)。香奈兒的產品是生活方式的選擇，他們的產品范圍將適合大多數國家，在每個國家，肯定有一個上層階級，高收入的人過著類似的奢侈生活方式，允許全球消費者細分產品。
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