增加散文中的句式變化可以使散文更具有韻律,并更加具有吸引力。如果散文中一直都是同樣句式的話會使讀者感到很單調(diào),千篇一律。而變化的句式和行文風(fēng)格會使文章減少重復(fù)性,突擊文章的重點。長句式適合在交代很多信息時使用,短句式適合突出重點,形成點睛之筆。
變化段落時要利用長句式與短句式的結(jié)合
在段落中的所有句子都是相同長度的話會使段落平淡無奇。而在段落中使用長短句式相結(jié)合的寫作方式,會使段落產(chǎn)生魅力,并有效地突出段落重點。
下面用兩個示例來解釋一下變換方法。
例1:
原始版:
The Winslow family visited Canada and Alaska last summer to find some native American art. In Anchorage stores they found some excellent examples of soapstone carvings. But they couldn't find a dealer selling any of the woven wall hangings they wanted. They were very disappointed when they left Anchorage empty-handed.
四個句子長度一樣,主語全都是the Winslow family,這個段落如同流水賬一樣,閱讀時使人昏昏欲睡。
改進版:
The Winslow family visited Canada and Alaska last summer to find some native American art, such as soapstone carvings and wall hangings. Anchorage stores had many soapstone items available. Still, they were disappointed to learn that wall hangings, which they had especially wanted, were difficult to find. Sadly, they left empty-handed.
第一個長句子講述了背景情況,時間地點人物事件全盤托出。第二個短句子突出了商店名稱。第三個長句子講述了這個段落的核心內(nèi)容,他們此行的目的和最終結(jié)果。第四個短句子則是點睛之筆,使人感同身受。
例2:
原始版:
Many really good blues guitarists have all had the last name King. They have been named Freddie King and Albert King and B.B. King. The name King must make a bluesman a really good bluesman. The bluesmen named King have all been very talented and good guitar players. The claim that a name can make a guitarist good may not be that far-fetched.#p#分頁標題#e#
四個句子依然是一樣長,而且太多重復(fù)是一個很大的問題,the name King和 bluesman在短短的段落中出現(xiàn)了太多次,閱讀時使人感到混亂。
改進版:
What makes a good bluesman? Maybe, just maybe, it's all in a stately name. B.B. King. Freddie King. Albert King. It's no coincidence that they're the royalty of their genre. When their fingers dance like court jesters, their guitars gleam like scepters, and their voices bellow like regal trumpets, they seem almost like nobility. Hearing their music is like walking into the throne room. They really are kings.
前三個句子基本將上面原始版的內(nèi)容全部概括,并且是以更好的方式。第一個疑問句引起讀者興趣,第二三個句子給出了簡明扼要的答案。第四五個句子增加了新的描寫,作者的觀點更加深入人心。最后依然用一個簡潔有力的短句子作為結(jié)尾。
變化句子的開頭
如果很多句子都用同一個詞匯來開始的話,特別是The,It,This或者I這種詞匯,那么散文就會讓讀者感到乏味。利用不同的詞匯或者詞組搭配不同的從句來開頭,會使句子充滿新鮮感。下面的示例列出了關(guān)于一個標準句式的不同變形。請注意不同的開頭不僅帶來了句式上的變化,還可以根據(jù)需要突出句子中的任意部分。
示例:
原句:
The biggest coincidence that day happened when David and I ended up sitting next to each other at the Super Bowl.
可以做出的變化:
Coincidentally, David and I ended up sitting right next to each other at the Super Bowl.
In an amazing coincidence, David and I ended up sitting next to each other at the Super Bowl.
Sitting next to David at the Super Bowl was a tremendous coincidence.
But the biggest coincidence that day happened when David and I ended up sitting next to each other at the Super Bowl.
When I sat down at the Super Bowl, I realized that, by sheer coincidence, I was directly next to David.
By sheer coincidence, I ended up sitting directly next to David at the Super Bowl.
With over 50,000 fans at the Super Bowl, it took an incredible coincidence for me to end up sitting right next to David.
What are the odds that I would have ended up sitting right next to David at the Super Bowl?#p#分頁標題#e#
David and I, without any prior planning, ended up sitting right next to each other at the Super Bowl.
Without any prior planning, David and I ended up sitting right next to each other at the Super Bowl.
At the crowded Super Bowl, packed with 50,000 screaming fans, David and I ended up sitting right next to each other by sheer coincidence.
Though I hadn't made any advance arrangements with David, we ended up sitting right next to each other at the Super Bowl.
Many amazing coincidences occurred that day, but nothing topped sitting right next to David at the Super Bowl.
Unbelievable, I know, but David and I ended up sitting right next to each other at the Super Bowl.
Guided by some bizarre coincidence, David and I ended up sitting right next to each other at the Super Bowl.