倫敦大學學院 (University College London)碩士課程dissertation資料：中國的第四方物流建設

1. The construction of the Chinese 4PL
中國第四方物流建設

Chinese 4PL is still in a initial stage and there is no mature 3PL, government, platform standard, credit system and market supporting. At the same time, it is impossible to copy the western developed 4PL enterprise which are based on the 3PL. This requires the development of Chinese 4PL to find out the road for their own. (YAO J.-M., & LIU L.-W., 2008)
中國第四方物流仍處于初始階段，有沒有成熟的第三方物流，政府，平臺標準，信用體系和市場支持。在同一時間，這是不可能復制西部開發的基于3PL的4PL企業。這就要求中國第四方物流的發展，為自己找出路。

1.1 The construction of 4PL credit system in China
中國的第四方物流信用體系建設

The NingBo 4PL credit information platform (Figure 5) is measure and carrier which is played a role by credit system. To achieve the integration of 4PL and credit system is to combine credit information platform and each links of 4PL market- supply 4PL market member enterprises credit conduct to credit information platform. When members access to 4PL market, the credit information platform for members to provide for review of the main credit reporting companies which take consideration of the screening process. 4PL market members transaction , payment situation is one of the collection contents within credit information platform. Credit information platform collect credit records process by members of the 4PL market to evaluate credit ratings. Credit information platform will feed back evaluation results information to the 4PL market, government authorities, banks and other member companies to adopt the basis of reward and punishment, so that the restriction of the credit system really be implemented. (Mao, 2010)
寧波第四方物流信用信息平臺（圖5）是信用體系發揮了作用的措施和載體。第四方物流和信用體系的整合是為了實現信用信息平臺和第四方物流4PL市場供應市場成員企業信用行為信用信息平臺的各個環節結合起來。

Figure 5: The integration of NingBo 4PL and credit system framework (own illustration)
圖5：寧波第四方物流和信用體系框架的整合（自己的插圖）

Integration credit system design:
整合信貸系統的設計：

(1) Government-led and market-oriented operation.
(2) The main part of 4PL market is composed of 4PL market implementing and commercial bank which is called double principal part.
(3) Combine between credit system and 4PL market.

4PL credit information platform:  http://ukthesis.org/dissertation_sample/
第四方物流信用信息平臺：#p#分頁標題#e#

Credit system is a important measure to control the 4PL market trade risk, there into including the construction of credit, collection of the credit information, announcement of credit and application of the credit. Therefore, the core design of 4PL and credit system integrated are consolidate and apply credit system and the construction of the 4PL credit information platform is basis for the integrated design. 4PL credit information platform manage credit information, through collection, collating and comment logistic enterprises credit information so that it forms basic bank credit information, systematic combine trade and transaction credit information to service logistic enterprise credit information and report for the business bank, some department and 4PL market. (BUYUKOZKAN, G., FEYZIOGLU, O., & SAKIR ERSOY, M., 2009)
學分制是一個重要的措施來控制的第四方物流市場貿易風險包括信貸，信用信息的收集，公布的信貸和信貸的應用建設，有進。因此，第四方物流和信用卡系統集成的核心設計是鞏固和運用信用體系和第四方物流信用信息平臺建設為一體的綜合設計是基礎。

 


Figure 6: NingBo 4PL credit information platform framework (own illustration)
圖6：寧波第四方物流信用信息平臺框架（自己的插圖）

The constructed framework of NingBo practise 4Plcredit information platform is showed by Figure. It is supported by national credit information system of the People’s Bank of China to construct data exchange platform. Through collection of the member enterprise commercial credit information(trade information), it will exchange the data which combine commercial administration and other government department, and consolidate NingBo individual credit information system and bank risk information sharing system. (Mao, 2010)
寧波的實踐4Plcredit信息平臺構建的框架圖顯示。它是由國家信用信息系統，人民銀行，中國建設數據交換平臺的支持。

4PL credit evaluation system
第四方物流信用評價體系

According to logistic enterprise credit evaluation standard, 4PL market credit information platform analyse the logistic enterprise credit information to form report of the credit situation. NingBo 4PL market credit evaluation standard is mainly consist of enterprise formal qualification, credit record, finicial structure, debt ability, operation ability, operation profit and development potential. (Mao, 2010)
根據物流企業信用評價標準，第四方物流市場信用信息平臺，物流企業信用信息進行分析，形成信貸情況的報告。寧波第四方物流市場信用評價標準主要是由企業正式資質，信用記錄，結構finicial，債務的能力，經營能力，經營利潤和發展潛力。#p#分頁標題#e#

Members admittance credit system
會員準入信用體系

Main body of 4PL market review the application for enterprise credit to determine different type of membership. The main body of the credit review is composed of the main body implementation of the 4PL market and commercial bank. Commercial banks are required to provide service which access to the core members of the review, payment and relevant financing preferential policies and discipline dishonest violations. Commercial banks should be signed 4PL market financial service agreement with the main body implementation of 4PL market, especially for clearing the rights and duties. (BUYUKOZKAN, G., FEYZIOGLU, O., & SAKIR ERSOY, M. 2009)
第四方物流市場主體審查企業信用，以確定不同類型的會員資格申請。信貸審查的主體是由第四方物流市場和商業銀行的主體實施。商業銀行被要求提供服務的核心成員的審查，付款及相關的融資優惠政策和紀律不誠實的違規訪問。

Trade credit peer assessment system
貿易信貸同行評審系統

“Trade peer assessment” is peer assessment conduct which is through the payment of transport carrier and principal to complete a transaction in 4PL market. It is not only consist of evaluation content, positive rate and credit standing, but also it can’t be modified. For purposes of the transport carrier and principal in 4PL market, the evaluation and credit standing is the important metrics. At the same time, the evaluation content, positive rate and credit standing will be saved on the customer file. (ZHANG, H., LI, X., & LIU, W. 2005)
“貿易同行評審”是同儕互評的行為，而這是通過運輸載體和本金支付完成交易，在第四方物流市場。它不僅包括評價內容，陽性率和信譽，但也不能修改。

Online payment credit system
在線支付信用體系

Payment credit is the main characteristic in the integration design project of the 4PL and credit system, through establishment of the finincial transaction receiving and payment under the supervision of the commercial bank to ensure the trust of the transaction of the both parts online payment. Before application to become the core members of the 4PL, enterprise must sign online settlement agreement with 4PL market main body and commercial bank to ensure the relevant rights and obligations. Commercial bank will support overdraft and financing service for integrity compliance core members according to the credit situation of the core members so that it will improve the effeciency of the online transaction to the 4PL market. In the meantime establishment of the blacklist system, the member who have not successful transaction members due to insufficient funds in bank accounts for more than three times will be blacklisted. (ZHANG, H., LI, X., & LIU, W. 2006)
付款信貸的主要特點就是第四方物流和信用體系建設中的一體化設計項目，通過建立的財政交易對商業銀行的監督下接收和付款，以確保兩個部分網上支付交易的信任。#p#分頁標題#e#

Core member in the 4PL market online payment will be decided on solution of online bank payment style. Commercial bank will adopt CA certificate and electronic cryptography to certificate for payment instruction of core members. 4PL market offer two style of payment mode, payment received and convention, to the transaction of core members. Both parts of the transaction need to ensure one style of the payment mode.
第四方物流市場網上支付的核心成員將決定解決方案網上銀行支付風格的。商業銀行將采用CA證書和電子支付指令的核心成員證書加密來。第四方物流市場提供兩種風格的支付模式，收到貨款和慣例，交易的核心成員。兩個部分的交易需要確保支付模式的一種風格。

Credit announcement and union punishment system
信用公告和工會的懲罰制度

Credit record is an act of the factual record which is not constraining force on its own. Only to take credit released, credit co-disciplinary, and other means which is influence on credit record actors, the credit record can have truly constraining force. On the one hand, for the well creditor should be given incentives, on the other hand, for the bad creditor not only should be discipline, but the joint punishment. The integration of 4PL and credit system design, the application of credit information is the important necessary part. (LI, X., YING, W., LIU, W., CHEN, J., & HUANG, B. 2003)
信用記錄是一個行為的事實的記錄，這是不是自身的約束力。只有采取信用發布，信用合作的紀律，這是影響信用記錄演員等手段，信用記錄可以有真正的約束力。