英國dissertation網提供代寫留學生dissertation：電子商務環境下的供應鏈管理

Under electronic commerce environment of supply chain management
 
Entering the 21st century, enterprises between the increasingly complex business environment, the enterprise competition is also constantly evolution, market competition has not only is the enterprise and the competition between the enterprises, but show the competition between supply chains. More and more enterprises have begun to understand that their business to succeed, must be the upstream and downstream partners are successful. As a result, it is on the basis of introduction to e-commerce, e-commerce and supply chain management is discussed, and analyzed the existing problems and countermeasures in the supply chain management in China, and the electronic commerce environment of supply chain management is studied.
 
Key words: e-commerce supply chain supply chain management
 
 
Introduction............ 1
 
Chapter 1 summary of e-commerce... 2
 
1.1 the concept of e-commerce... 2
 
1.2 the characteristics of the electronic commerce... 3
 
1.3 the classification of the electronic commerce... 5
 
Chapter 2, the electronic commerce and supply chain management... 9
 
2.1 B to B e-commerce and enterprise supply chain management... 9
 
2.2 the influence of e-commerce on supply chain management... 11
 
2.3 manufacturing electronic commerce is the core of supply chain management... 12
 
2.4 supply chain management is the basis of the implementation of e-commerce... 13
 
Chapter 3, the problems and countermeasures of supply chain management in China... 14
 
3.1 supply chain management in our country are faced with the problem... 14
 
3.2 the countermeasure of supply chain management in China... 17#p#分頁標題#e#
 
Chapter 4 under electronic commerce environment of supply chain management... 20
 
4.1 the electronic commerce environment of supply chain management of reality... 20
 
4.2 the electronic commerce environment of supply chain management risk prevention... 26
 
Conclusion............ 27
 
References... 29
 
Introduction
 
With the continuous development of science and technology progress and economy, the globalization of market competition, and the acceleration of customer demand changes, to the enterprise in the supply chain operation has brought the revolutionary change and influence. This change and the impact to increase the enterprise competitive ability to the Internet, interactive Web applications and will change the structure of existing supply chain. The multi-level supply chain into open mode of supply chain based on the Internet. However, the global supply chain network is more and more reflected for e-commerce based information, integration of supply chain management.
 
Based on e-commerce supply chain management is the combination of e-commerce and supply chain management, take the customer as the center, it integrated the whole supply chain process, make full use of external resources, to achieve rapid agile response, greatly reduce the inventory level. The development of electronic commerce for the implementation of supply chain management has created good conditions, but also put forward higher request, electronic supply chain management will become the main form of future enterprise supply chain management, and provide more and more enterprises know and use. Supply chain management has become a modern enterprise ability to adapt and improve market competitive power important way, and is also the important direction of today's international business management and important fields.
 
Chapter 1 summary of e-commerce
 
Electronic commerce is the result of 20 years ago with value-added network and the application of EDI, the INTERNET business, e-commerce has been developed rapidly, but for the concept of e-commerce at present there is no unified definition of, experts have different views, just on the basis of practical application are summarized.
 
1.1 the concept of electronic commerce
 
The OECD earlier by the organization for e-commerce system research institutions, he defined e-commerce: about the use of electronic means to engage in business activities, it is based on the electronic processing and information technology. Such as text, voice and image data transmission, combining with the development of e-commerce and supply chain management, we believe that e-commerce refers to a transaction or participants in the use of modern information technology in all kinds of business activities, it includes the purchase, production, circulation, distribution, exchange and consumption in connection with all activities of production and consumption for electronic information processing, the narrow sense of electronic commerce will only through the Internet (Internet network) for commercial activity belongs to e-commerce, and generalized the electronic commerce both will use the Internet for the network (Intranet), name and different forms, including local area network (LAN) network, the computer network to all business activities belong to e-commerce. E-commerce has rich meaning:#p#分頁標題#e#
 
First of all, electronic commerce is a kind of advanced information technology of business activities. Parties will own all kinds of supply and demand will enter the electronic commerce network according to certain format. E-commerce network will be according to the requirements of users to find relevant schedule and provide users a variety of trading options, once the user has confirmed that e-commerce will assist with the signed between, classification, transfer and paying a full range of business, etc.

 
Second, electronic business has created a virtual essentially market clearing house, it can across time and space, real-time to provide users with all kinds of goods and services supply, demand, development situation and the details of the buyers and sellers, which is both buyers and sellers can more convenient to study the market, more accurate understanding of the market and grasp the market.
 
Third, understanding of e-commerce, from "modern information technology" and "business" two aspects to consider. On the one hand, the concept of "electronic commerce" included in "modern information technology" should cover all kinds of electronic information technology on the basis of communication; On the other hand, the interpretation of the word "business" as a general, make its including all caused by the business nature of the relationship between various deals. To see "the modern information technology" as a subset of business as another subset of electronic commerce is covered by the range should be formed the intersection of the two subsets. "E-commerce" under the title text may be widely involved in Internet, internal network and electronic data interchange on trade a variety of USES.
 
Fourth, the electronic commerce is not equal to business electronically. Real e-commerce not only is the enterprise at the front desk business electronically, and, more importantly, including the background, the whole operation system of comprehensive information, as well as the enterprise the whole operation process optimization and restructuring. That is to say, in the true sense of the electronic commerce is established on the basis of enterprise overall information, through electronic means to the enterprise procurement, production, inventory, sales, services, and human resources and so on each link a comprehensive control of e-commerce.
 
1.2 the characteristics of electronic commerce
 
Electrical activity is the core of information activities, at the right time and right place with the right people to exchange the correct information is the key to the success of e-commerce. In the traditional business activities, the main form of information based on paper as the carrier of text information, and electronic commerce is to use the computer network for the exchange of information, information is the important form of electronic data. Compared with the traditional morning activities of e-commerce has the following distinctive features:#p#分頁標題#e#
 
1. The information
 
E-commerce is based on information technology business activities, it needs through the computer network system to realize information exchange and transmission, the implementation of e-commerce and development is closely related with information technology development, it is also the development of information technology promoted the development of electronic commerce.
 
Virtual sex 2.
 
The Internet as a digital electronic virtual market (electronic marketplace), its business activities and trade is digital, because information exchange is not restricted by space-time, so you can across time and space to form a virtual market, complete can't do in the real market transactions in the past.
 
3. Global
 
As the main media of the electronic commerce of the Internet is open, global electronic commerce development is not restricted by geographical location, it is facing a global unified electronic virtual market.
 
4. Social
 
Although e-commerce is relying on the network information technology, but the development and application of electronic commerce is a social systems engineering, because the electronic commerce activities involved in enterprises, government organizations, consumer involvement, and adapt to the electronic virtual market formed the legal rules and competition rules, etc. If lack of any link, it is bound to restrict or hinder the development of electronic commerce.
 
1.2.1 the advantages of electronic commerce
 
The operation mode of e-commerce and traditional business operation mode is completely different, e-commerce has greatly improved the benefit and efficiency of business activities, compared with the traditional business activities it has the following advantages:
 
1. From the point of view of producers
 
(1) to reduce costs, increase revenue
 
< 1 > lower development costs. Through the Internet technology and EDI technology, enterprises can better communication between internal departments, to work together, to reduce development costs. < 2 > to reduce operating costs. By converting the physical environment to virtual environment, simplifying the operation process, improve the operational efficiency, reduce the operation cost. < 3 > lower transaction costs. Through the network marketing activities, the enterprise can improve efficiency and reduce the promotion cost of marketing. According to statistics, advertising on the Internet can improve the sales amount of 10 times, at the same time the cost of it is one over ten of the traditional advertising. < 4 > reduce the purchasing cost. With the help of Internet, the enterprise can in the global market for the most preferential price of suppliers, and by sharing information with suppliers, reduce the intermediate link information is not accurate. In addition, through the Internet technology vendors page, can improve the corporate image, to provide customers with the latest commodity information to develop the potential market and sales channels, increase the revenue.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
(2) to reduce inventory
 
To cope with the vagaries of the market demand, companies had to maintain a certain inventory goods, and because the enterprise is not allowed to grasp the raw material market, so also often maintain inventory of raw materials. Production inventory is the root cause of poor information, on the basis of the information technology of the electronic commerce enterprise decision-making information can change not exactly and timely. Through the Internet could pass the market demand information to the enterprise, make its decision production, at the same time, the production of the enterprise information can immediately transfer to supplier timely supplement supply, so as to realize zero inventory management.
 
(3) to shorten the production cycle
 
A product's production was the result of many enterprises cooperation, so the design of the product development, production and sales may involve many related enterprises, through e-commerce can change the past information closed phases cooperation work for the help of information sharing, so as to minimize waiting time by information enclosed.
 
(4) to increase business opportunities
 
Traditional trading limited by time and space, the internet-based electronic commerce is global operation, 24 hours online business can be carried out to the traditional marketing personnel sales and advertising promotion could not hit the market.
 
(5) reduce dependence on supplies
 
Traditional enterprise business activities must have certain material base to carry out business activities, and through the Internet can founding virtual enterprise, such as online shops and online bank to open and develop basic don't need a lot of physical infrastructure, at the same time, enterprises can also transfer the cost savings to consumers, such as online bookstore provides consumers with traditional bookstore can't offer discount.
 
(6) the decrease of the intermediate links
 
E-commerce has redefined the traditional mode, reduce the intermediate links, that keeping a possible producers and consumers of transactions, and within the earth to a certain extent to change the way the whole social economic operation.
 
(7) to improve customer satisfaction
 
Through the Internet the powerful communication function, can improve the new service, create new value for customers, but also can get more information about individual customers, improve customer satisfaction.
 
1. From the point of view of consumers and customers
 
(1) option
 
Internet-based e-commerce, provides consumers with a new market mechanism, in the virtualization market, consumers can obtain much more information than before, shopping choice.
 
(2) the price is low
 
Electronic commerce operation pattern based on the technology of Internet, the development cost and operation cost is low, this makes the bottom price possible. When consumer shopping price is relatively cheap.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
(3) the convenient and quick
 
The address payment shopping, simplified the number of the intermediate links, consumers can more convenient way to purchase goods, in addition, the enterprise can be convenient access to business information from the Internet, but also through the adoption of EDI technology, make the enterprise and enterprise business file transfer between accelerated dramatically, reduce the loss caused by documents error, business, file processing to reduce costs, improve the competition ability of enterprise. In the e-commerce environment, the function of the traditional intermediaries will change, for example: improve security verification, electronic cash service, for customers to collect and analyze market information, and so on.
 
1.3 the classification of electronic commerce
 
1. According to the business operation can be divided into complete e-commerce and incomplete two types of e-commerce
 
(1) complete e-commerce: can both be done entirely through the electronic commerce trade and complete the entire transaction process, that is, complete e-commerce refers to the whole process of commodity or service are the implementation on information network. It make both parties beyond geographical spatial barriers to electronic trading, can fully tap the potential of global market.
 
(2) incomplete e-commerce: namely can't depend entirely on electronic commerce way to implement and complete the entire transaction process, it need to rely on some outside factors, such as transportation system to complete the transaction.
 
2. According to the electronic commerce application service area can be divided into four categories, namely the enterprise to consumers, enterprise to the enterprise, the enterprise to the government agencies, consumers to government agencies.
 
(1) business to consumers (also known as merchants for individuals or business institutions for consumers, namely the B to C) of e-commerce
 
Business-to-consumer electronic commerce (Business to consumer), refers to the electronic Business activities between enterprises and consumers. Business-to-consumer e-commerce basic equivalent electronic retail business. This type of e-commerce is mainly by means of the Internet's on-line sales activities. In recent years with the development of the Internet, this kind of electronic commerce development abnormal swelled. Has appeared on the Internet, for example, many big super markets, products sold by all rights, from food, drink to computers, cars, etc., including almost all consumer goods.
 
Business-to-consumer e-commerce is all kinds of electronic commerce developed rapidly in recent years. The main reason is that the development of the Internet opened up a new way of communication between enterprises and consumers and trading platform. With the increasing of global Internet users, Internet users have become the main object of electronic commerce.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
From a technical point of view, Internet enterprises facing the general consumers, does not require the use standard documents of the transmission. Online retail sales and payment behavior is usually referred to the credit card, electronic cash or electronic wallet. In addition, search browsing capabilities provided by the Internet and multimedia interface, make it easier for consumers to find products suitable for you need, and can have a better understanding of product.
 
Therefore, to carry out the business-to-consumer e-commerce, at least, have great potential for application. The recent development of open, this kind of e-commerce will continue to develop, is one of the main power of other types of e-commerce activities.
 
(1) for enterprises (also called business to business or business to business institutions, namely the B to B) of e-commerce.
 
Business-to-business (Business to Business) e-commerce refers to the enterprise and enterprise between e-commerce activities. Such as: industrial and commercial enterprises use of the computer network to its suppliers to purchase, or the use of computer networks for payment, etc. This kind of e-commerce has been around for years, especially by special or value-added enterprises computer network (steam - added network. VAN) using EDI (electronic data interchange) conducted by the business activities.
 
As to support the enterprise e-commerce EDI technology, it refers to the unity between institutions through the computer network structure and standard of information exchange. The technical support for the direct exchange of information between the computer system, therefore, can minimize or eliminate the intervention of human factors. At present, EDI mainly develops more successful in the industry.
 
EDI applications in the commercial field much more slowly than people had expected. It is reported that about 5 m enterprises implementing EDI system in North America, in Europe is probably the number. The main reason is hindering the development of the EDI, EDI is considered too complex, enterprises will be put into practice very hard.
 
Business-to-business e-commerce is becoming the mainstream of the electronic commerce. A transaction between enterprises and business cooperation between enterprises is the main aspects of business activity, enterprises are facing the fierce competition, also need to electronic commerce to improve the competitive conditions to establish competitive advantage. Companies are seeking their own development at the same time, have to gradually improve the operation of the electronic commerce environment, from the point of view of the future enterprise to enterprise's electronic commerce must have a bigger development.
 
(2) the enterprise electronic commerce of government agencies
 
Enterprise to government agencies (Business to Administrations or B to G) of e-commerce refers to the electronic commerce activities between enterprises and government agencies. For example: the government procurement details published on the Internet in the future, through online bidding in the form of bidding enterprise also needs to be done by means of electronic bidding.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
Now this way is still in the test in the early stages, but may develop quickly, because the government can set up the image of the government, in this way through exemplary role to promote the development of electronic commerce, in addition has the government can through this kind of e-commerce implementation of enterprise financial management, administrative, such as the government issue the import and export license in e-commerce way, carry out statistical work, the enterprise can be dealt with through online tax and tax refund, etc.
 
The government should play an important role in promoting the development of electronic commerce. In the United States, the Clinton administration has decided to 70% of the federal government in the near future to implement electronic public procurement. In Sweden, at least 90% of the 1999 public procurement for on the Internet.
 
I said Jin Guan engineering is to through the e-commerce business of government agencies, such as issuing import and export license, export tax rebates, electronic declaration, etc., establish our country foreign trade as the leading e-commerce framework, and promote our country electronic commerce activities. In addition, at present our country some local governments are implementing online purchase.
 
(3) government agencies to consumer electronic commerce
 
Government agencies to C (G) to consumer e-commerce, refers to the government for e-commerce activities of the individual, this kind of no really the formation of e-commerce activities. However, in some developed countries, such as the Australian government's tax agency has used by specifying the private tax or financial accounting financial electronic means for the personal tax declaration. Although such activities have not reached the real electronic declare dutiable goods, however, it has the original consumer e-commerce over the executive branch.
 
The government with business to consumer, business to government agencies of the development of e-commerce, will be the social and personal electronic means of implementing a more comprehensive service. Government departments for taxpayers to provide various services to the society, such as social welfare payment, etc., in the future will take place on the Internet.
 
The government will expand the electronic commerce and welfare funds and issue the ego of assessment and individual tax levy.
 
3. According to the scope of information network of electronic trading, can be divided into three categories, namely local remote domestic e-commerce, e-commerce and global e-commerce.
 
: (1) local e-commerce usually refers to the use of the city or the information in the local network of e-commerce activities, less regional scope of electronic trading. Local e-commerce system is the use of the Internet, Intranet, or private network network system connected to the following systems: (1) to attend parties e-commerce information system includes the buyer, the seller of electronic commerce information system and other parties; (2) banking financial institutions in the electronic information system; (3) the insurance company information system; (4) information system of inspection; (5) the tax management information system; 6. Goods transport information system; All landowners EDI center of the region system (actually the region EDI center system to connect the information systems). Local e-commerce system is to develop remote domestic electronic commerce and the basis of global e-commerce system, thus to establish and perfect it is the key to the global e-commerce.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
(2) remote domestic e-commerce: means within the scope of their own to the improvement of the electronic trading activities, geographical scope of the transaction for hardware and software and the demand is higher, larger demand in the domestic business within the scope of electronic financial electronic, automation, implementation, and the parties should have a knowledge of electronic commerce, economic and technical ability, and have a certain management level and ability, etc.
 
(3) the global e-commerce: refers to the electronic trading activities around the world, to participate in electronic trading parties to trade through the network. Relevant parties involved related systems, such as the buyer's country, customs import and export corporation system, and Banks. The financial system, tax system, transport system, insurance system, etc. Global e-commerce business content is multifarious, data going back and forth frequently, e-commerce system strict, accurate, safe, reliable, should formulate the unified standard of electronic commerce and electronic business (trade) agreement for global e-commerce development smoothly.
 
4. According to the content of the business activities, can be divided into two categories, namely indirect electronic commerce and electronic business directly
 
(1) indirect e-commerce, refers to the tangible goods of electronic order and payment and other activities, it is still using traditional channels (such as postal service and business express car) delivery.
 
(2) the direct e-commerce, refers to the order of the invisible goods or services or payment and other activities, such as computer software, audio and video products, entertainment content even machine order, payment and delivery, or information services on a global scale. Indirect and direct e-commerce provides unique opportunities, the same companies tend to do both. The former depends on some outside factors, such as transportation system and so on, which make both parties across time and space limitations, to fully tap the potential market.
 
Chapter 2 electronic commerce and supply chain management
 
2.1 B to B e-commerce and enterprise supply chain management
 
Real breakthrough in the development of e-commerce is B to B e-commerce, namely the enterprise to enterprise's electronic commerce, network is between the upstream and downstream enterprises engaged in business activities, is the foundation of the network economy. From the number of participating companies, the amounts involved, the size of the interactive information, B to B will become the subject of electronic commerce. In this environment, the enterprise should not only coordination within the enterprise planning, procurement, manufacturing, sales of each link, business enterprise the whole supply chain management, and lead to the transformation of the supply chain, make the enterprise to reduce transaction costs, shorten order cycle, improve information management and improve the level of decision-making from three aspects: to improve the quality cost and sonorant speed, enterprise management, strengthen enterprise competition ability.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
1. The B to B e-commerce mode has brought the change of the enterprise value chain
 
The supply chain by the theory of porter's value chain (value chain). Porter pointed out that any organization can be regarded as consisting of a series of related basic behavior, the behavior for the supplier to the consumer of the logistics, information flow and capital flow.
 
Potter's enterprise value chain is a functional departments, resource flow in the enterprise is the process of enterprise's each department constantly add value to its process. But with the increasingly intense global competition, rapid changes in consumer demand by the division of labor, on the basis of professional coordination function oriented management mode is facing severe challenges, it will be divided into enterprise business process independent of each other, the focus is on a single task or job, but I can't create value for the customer, a single task and only the entire process, namely when all activities in order to together, to create value for the customer. Dr Hammer at Harvard University in 1990 proposed business process reengineering (business process reengineering BPR) pointed out: the company's mission is to create value for customers, to bring value for customers is the enterprise process; The success of the enterprise from the processes of excellent performance, excellent process performance needs to have the outstanding management,. B to B e-commerce mode adopted by the customer as the center, facing the management method of the process, provides to the customer, the response speed of the market, pay attention to the whole process of the optimal system thought, eliminates the internal link of repeat, invalid labor, resources in each process flow to achieve value-added, has reached the lowest cost and highest efficiency. B to B brings the change of the enterprise value chain.
 
2. The B to B e-commerce mode change of enterprise supply chain
 
Exist within the enterprise logistics, information flow, capital flow, flow between enterprises and enterprises also exists such relationship. In an age of increasing division of labor refinement, opening up and cooperation, the enterprise only rely on their own resources to participate in market competition often passive, must take many aspects of business process into a whole supply chain, so that each enterprise internal value chain through the supply relationship, become a better a wider range of supply chain. Supply chain management is to make the supply and demand of network organization. But the traditional supply chain management is just a horizontal integration, through the communication medium will be specified in advance of the suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and customers, in turn, this supply chain only pay attention to the internal contact, flexibility is poor, only in point-to-point integration. Such high cost, low efficiency, and interrupted a link in the supply chain, the entire supply chain can run. B to B e-commerce model make up for the deficiency of the traditional supply chain. It is not only limited within the enterprise, but extends to the supply chain and customers, suppliers and customers, even set up is a kind of collaboration across the enterprise, covers from product design, demand forecasting, purchasing and outsourcing, manufacturing, distribution, storage and transportation process and customer service, etc. In the same supply chain vendors is no longer a zero-sum game, but a win-win situation. B to B mode of e-commerce has brought the change of supply chain management. It use the whole enterprise supply chain management thought of upstream and downstream enterprises, center manufacturers as the core, the industry upstream suppliers, downstream distributors (client), logistics transportation business and service retailers, and correspondent Banks for the integration of vertical integration, form a e-commerce supply chain to the dynamic, virtual, global network of direction. It USES the core technology of supply chain management, customer relationship management (CRM), and to predict demand makes the demand of automatic operation, in order to better understand customers, provide them with personalized products and services, make the resource management on the supply chain network flows to shorten the delivery cycle, and reduce the inventory, and by providing automated trading and other self-service to reduce costs, improve the speed and accuracy, improve enterprise competitiveness.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
3. The B to B e-commerce model to promote the process of enterprise three levels in making
 
On enterprise supply chain, information, material, money etc to process flow, process determines the various flow velocity and flow rate. In order to make the enterprise able to anticipate and respond to the process of the internal and external environment changes, businesses must ensure that the process of the resources of the agile clear. Therefore, to improve the competitiveness of the enterprise supply chain management, inevitable requirement of enterprise process reengineering. For B to B e-commerce, this change has not only confined to the enterprise internal, but all relationships in the supply chain enterprises and departments are included, is for the whole supply chain enterprise process reengineering on the network.
 
The effective implementation of the B to B e-commerce mode, the key is to be effective supply chain both inside and outside the enterprise cohesion, enterprise internal supply chain information system and enterprise internal business systems such as ERP, CRM, organic unifies in together. If there is no good in ERP, the enterprise can't timely to master their own all kinds of raw materials and finished goods inventory and purchase or situation, online order will not be confirmed automatically, will inevitably affect the enterprise response speed of the market; Such as CRM, customer requirement and personalized services cannot be effectively and timely processing, will inevitably affect the response speed of the enterprise to the end user; This supply chain both inside and outside the enterprise can't effectively, to solve this problem must be to three levels of enterprise business process reengineering (BPR) : functional organization within the department between BPR and BPR, organization between enterprise and enterprise BPR.
 
(1) functional organization within the BPR. Enterprise business process by hand there must be a lot of repetition invalid business processing link, the functional management organization overlap, middle level, and the middle management usually perform some non creative statistics, consolidate, fill out a form, such as work, a lot of business processing way is not suitable for computer information processing requirements. B to B e-commerce enterprise the whole management of each link on the Internet, information management, cancelled many intermediary, inevitably brought BPR within the department.
 
(2) between functional departments of BPR. Enterprises to achieve real e-commerce, is not to achieve online order, online payment is ok. If the only period of electronic. And subsequent purchase, production, inventory, supply chain links such as unable to electronic confirmation of the order, the enterprise management as a whole is not increased efficiency and cost reduction, which requires the enterprise internal between various departments to BPR, has achieved the whole process of information management.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
(3) between enterprises and enterprises of BPR. This level of BPR is the highest level of enterprise process reengineering, and B to B
 
The necessary conditions of the effective implementation of the electronic commerce. Due to the supply chain is no longer limited to the enterprise internal, but extends to the suppliers and customers, suppliers and customers, even the breadth and depth of management control of enterprise is increasing. Greatly increases the information communication between each enterprise on the supply chain, requires that enterprises must be maintained between the consistency of the business process that requires between enterprises and enterprises must carry out BPR, to achieve the effective management of the entire supply chain.
 
4. B to B e-commerce pattern implementation in the various industries and global supply chain network price appreciation In addition to the cash flow, logistics, information flow in supply chain, the fundamental is to have a value stream. Various resources flow in the supply chain, should be a process of constant value, therefore the nature of the supply chain is a value-added chain. Look from the shape of the customer is buying also provide goods service, but essentially in the value of buying goods or services. Every link in the supply chain value added or not, the size of the value will be the key to affect enterprise competitiveness. So, to increase the enterprise competitiveness, eliminate all invalid labor, requires every link in the supply chain achieve value-added. Previous ERP B to C electronic commerce are only realized this enterprise on the supply chain of the increment, the B to B e-commerce use WEB technology such as ERP, e-business and CRM suite, will supply chain upstream and downstream enterprises to form the whole industry system, and with other enterprises, connected to the supply chain of the industry, formed a dynamic, global networked virtual supply chain network. Really did reduce the purchasing cost and logistics cost, then the whole process of each supply chain network to achieve the most reasonable is to improve the enterprise to the market and the final customer response speed, so as to improve the market competitiveness of enterprises.
 
2.2 the influence of e-commerce on supply chain management
 
Internet interaction into Web applications and the emergence of e-commerce, will completely change our way of business, will also change the structure of existing supply chain, the traditional meaning of the dealer will disappear, qigong can be replaced by the global network of electronic commerce. Layers of traditional supply chain will be turned into basic Internet open the global network of supply chain. On the Internet has a dual identity of enterprise, is the customer and supplier, it is not only the Internet trading is far more important constitute an element of the supply chain. In this type of business environment, all enterprises will face more severe challenges, they must be in improving the level of customer service at the same time, efforts to reduce operating results. At the same time, the Internet and electronic commerce will make your answer great change in relations with customers, their relationship is no longer limited to the sale of products, more will be took the form of services to meet customer demand for alternative to sell products to customers. More and more customers to buy the product not only way to realize their needs, and more important in the future application of the planning and implementation of the operation of the system maintenance, etc., in essence they need is some kind of utility or ability, rather than the product itself will greatly change the supplier's relationship with customers. Enterprise must be more careful, thorough solution of the special requirements of each customer, in order to consolidate its relations with customers, this is a long-term paid services, rather than the product of the era of ordinal or more to buy. In the global supply chain network, the configuration of enterprise boundary will produce fundamental change, and the entire supply chain synergy will replace the traditional electronic orders, exchange of information between suppliers and customers level of communication and coordination will be an interactive, transparent work together. A new line, is conducive to supply chain operation of agent service providers will replace the traditional dealers, and become the emerging business, such as trading agent, information retrieval service, etc. There will be more business opportunities waiting for people to find it. The global network of supply chain will be widely and thoroughly influence and change all the enterprise the management works.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
Electronic transaction means greatly expanded subject choice space and quickens the process of global economic integration, the trading main body "many-to-many relationship between promote the formation of the" global "network of supply chain. In the global supply chain network, the trading main body in choosing the appropriate transaction object, due to dramatic increase greatly influence the efficiency of transactions, such as American retailers may need to a lot of enterprise web site to place an order. In this case, in order to improve global in order to supply chain operation efficiency, between the trading main body according to the commodity categories to establish public online trading community or "online supermarket" (this is different from single enterprise set up "online store") will greatly improve the efficiency of transaction, thus derived purely business e-commerce, trade information service for the people on both sides of the transaction and trading platform service. Vertical market public online trading community or vertical portal means early comprehensive search portal phased out, at the same time, e-commerce era formed a new business model.
 
2.3 manufacturing electronic commerce is the core of supply chain management
 
Under the condition of the network frame is complete enough, global business scope geographically chief has narrowed, all kinds of information can be in a very short period of time, even in a few seconds to complete, enterprise face product to shorten the production cycle, high period shorten, raw materials and products need to quickly delivery problems, in this premise, velocity and thickness becomes the key to enterprise run-off. To achieve this goal, especially manufacturing requires multiple information system imported, with upstream suppliers and downstream customers cooperate well, improve the visibility of the whole operating process. At present the second generation of e-commerce to the e all the related processes at the same time, and will e range across individual enterprises, the series of the whole industry system partners, to achieve maximum benefit.
 
In 2000, the world has more than thousands of various electronic trading market, including public, private, one-to-many, many-to-many direct and indirect materials purchasing, etc., many companies have investment in the construction or participate in the marketplace, to catch the train of e-commerce has become the primary task of the enterprise. The emergence of electronic trading market is not so much cause for enterprise procurement complex process, as well as enterprise internal supply chain management system is formed by the extension of new economic model, through the network's mechanism in operation, no longer just focus on supply chain and enterprise internal operation, but will expand the scope of the world search for suppliers, reduce the cost of the buyer and the seller, and increase profits. In the era of network economy, business is often happened in an instant, must have the ability to control the supply of the supplier, can give customer commitment, and to fully master the shipment schedule, then, using network reply to customer, real-time trading opportunities.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
According to the American government, in terms of American enterprise, in the customer management is the cost of supplier relationship, companies spend about $one million, half is not functioning effectively. And inventory, at the American enterprise hoarding by $one million, half is unnecessary inventory; On fixed assets, the enterprise total more than $10 million in the United States, spare not more than 30%, this adds up to at least $13 million, in addition to B to B market potential, the more represents the related to enterprise upstream and downstream processes as if can supply chain system synchronization processing can effectively use the resources, save a lot of cost for the enterprise.
 
Traditional the first generation of electronic commerce, simply place an order or receive orders in the network, and then sent to the backend data in ERP system, this is no way to will be good arrangement of resources, the second generation of e-commerce is based on a supply chain, for the development of the whole product design process forward, order processing, backward the whole logistics transport, warehousing services, all the partners will encounter in the process of the whole.
 
2.4 supply chain management is the foundation of the implementation of e-commerce
 
Electronic commerce is the result of the information technology development changes in management thinking. Electronic commerce is along with the development of computer technology, especially network technology and developed the Internet development, achieve highly integrated management information, without the application of the computer. Can say e-commerce is the product of information age (computer), the computer is a new management ideas implemented.
 
But the electronic commerce is not a simple computer technology, it was based on the management of the center of the man-machine interactive management information system. It is to apply advanced management ideas, the enterprise all levels inside and outside, the implementation of business process reengineering, the application of information technology, the use of computer to realize the whole process of supply chain management. Enterprises set up e-commerce through modern management means, use the new management mode instead of the old a reform of the management mode, implement e-commerce must be a supply chain management theory as the basis, by means of ERP, guided by the thought of supply chain management, promote the ERP, e-commerce. With the aid of computer the tool, the enterprise supply chain management are realized by web to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises is a kind of new thought and method, is a management revolution. This is the foundation of the realization of e-commerce, there is no such a basis, the implementation of e-commerce is merely a castle in the air.
 
 
Chapter 3, the problems and countermeasures of supply chain management in our country #p#分頁標題#e#
 
3.1 supply chain management in our country are faced with the problem
 
Supply chain management in China, as a kind of new management in our country is still in a growing phase, and the electronic commerce environment the required infrastructure, technical conditions and cultural conditions also is not very mature, on the combination of the two companies is still a long way to go, the current top priority is to handle and solve the following questions:
 
1. The problem of the concept of enterprise
 
In our country, the enterprise of "instead of", "conveniently small" phenomenon also ten outstanding, not form a unique strong competitiveness at the core of the business, under the traditional planned economy management mode of thinking is still occupied the main position. Enterprise internal organization is complete, but is restricted by the functions assigned, fragmented, implement vertical management. This not only seriously affect the enterprise information transmission efficiency, and can't solve the problem of "transparency". Along with our country enterprise convergence with the world and face the challenges of the international market, the traditional management mode must be severely impact in the world. And supply chain management to the enterprise's basic demand is the core business and information efficiency, and this is not just rely on the practice of enterprise electronic commerce can solve, no concept from the enterprise reform is the fundamental issue to reach the purpose of cure.
 
2. The problem of collaboration between trading partners
 
Electronic commerce for supply chain management can provide a better environment, we mention a Wal - Mart in front of the company together with several of his own suppliers implement CFAR mode to save a lot of cost, improve the efficiency. And how to coordinate Chinese enterprises lack of collaboration between trading partners in order to achieve the maximization of the interests of the whole supply chain.
 
Reluctant to share information between trading partners, which related to our country enterprise's culture, the traditional view any agreement would tell a winner and a loser, but the research results show that non-zero-sum game theory than the zero-sum game can make the enterprise more profits. In addition, the lack of a good supply chain performance evaluation system and collaboration between trading partners. No reasonable distribution of performance, companies naturally reluctant to sacrifice their own interests for the best interest of the whole supply chain. Therefore, a good supply chain coordination strategy is imperative.
 
3. The knowledge acquisition and conversion technology requirements
 
Due to the emergence of e-commerce, the original manufacturers rely on 4 p (Product, Price, Place and Promotion) make consumers passively accept products come to consumers as the center will Consumer demand to producers, by producers to ensure the 4 c (Consumer, Cost, Convenience and Communication) to achieve dominance. So at this moment the key of the supply chain management is how to gain knowledge from consumer demand uncertainty information and guarantee the sharing in the supply chain to create value. This requires enterprises in the supply chain on the technology to ensure that the demand information collection, sharing and improve supply chain efficiency through knowledge converter into knowledge. But our country enterprise in general on these critical infrastructure and key research investment is insufficient, can't achieve real-time acquisition and effective use of knowledge, this is bound to be other implementation of the electronic commerce environment of supply chain management an obstacle.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
The standardized question 4.
 
Standardization is one of the key measures of supply chain management performance. Although the past dozen years the establishment of the supply chain logistics identification standard in our country has made certain achievements, but there are still problems:
 
First, although our country has established the identification standard supply chain logistics system, and make some important national standards, such as the commodity bar code, the storage and transportation unit barcode, etc., but the application of these standards promote there are still serious problems. Besides the commodity bar code application is better, other standard applications is not very optimistic, as for the storage and transportation unit barcode, the application of the time is less than 15% to 15%.
 
Second, the basic equipment in the process of transport of goods is not standard, poor supply chain information, affect the operation of the information sharing and efficiency. In foreign advanced countries, the size of the pallet in the container, the size of the truck, warehouse shelves have been successful. Some use European and American standards, China's enterprises have to use Japan's standards, and little is defined by their own standards. State is not attach importance to the standardization, standardization good only in container. In addition to visible standard pallet, vehicles, etc., there are quite a part throughout the supply chain is the "non-standard" invisible, or parts of standardization, but not the whole supply chain to unify the standard of each link.
 
Third, the commodity information standardization lag. In supply chain management and e-commerce, the unification of commodity information is very important for information exchange and sharing of supply chain members. Many departments and units in China set up its own commodity information database, the database of the field, type and length are not consistent, forming a "information island".
 
5. Technical problems
 
(1) the application of barcode technology
 
Application of barcode technology in our country is only more than 10 years of history, but the enterprise application depth and width of the commodity bar code there is a considerable distance with the developed countries in the world mainly displays in: first, the production enterprise to use barcode are mostly because of domestic and international pressure. Second, the proportion of production enterprise application code rarely. Moreover, although some enterprises to apply for the commodity bar code, but not to their own goods barcode printing, or only for export barcode on the part of the goods. Fourth, the barcode is high enough, the quality of the printing quality is unqualified, etc. Fifth, most retail enterprise to use barcode scanning POS system, mainly used in automatic settlement, rarely used in the whole process of supply chain, the information did not share the POS system information with its trading partners.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
(2) the application of EDI technology
 
Application of EDI in our country is tough, so to speak. Began to research in China since the early 90 s EDI way, while in transport, customs, commodity inspection departments had tried, but so far, only a few large enterprises in the implementation, and these companies have EDI transactions with foreign, is under foreign pressure. EDI transactions between domestic companies is very little. In our country has not been implemented reason has the following several aspects:
 
The implementation of the EDI standards system is too complex, it needs the collaboration between trading partners in order to complete.
 
EDI implementation cost is bigger, small and medium-sized enterprise unbearable, and lack of talents in this field.
 
Research and application. Since the 90 s, with the support of relevant state departments, many departments begin EDI technology research, and many standard can be converted to the national standard. But the problem is formulated the standard of people don't understand the actual business situation, and be familiar with business people do not understand the standard again.
 
EDI security and legal issues, at least in our country has not yet been solved. "How to" split phenomenon in our country is still severe.
 
(3) of the application of Internet and electronic commerce
 
Although our country existing more than 26.5 billion Internet users, is also one of the country with the largest number of Internet applications in the world. But generally speaking, the application level is still relatively low. Main problems of implementation of electronic commerce in our country there are two. One is the lack of deep understanding of e-commerce is still. Only site as media advertising products and services to the enterprise content and information release, also can't say in the true sense of e-commerce. 2 it is electronic commerce met logistics bottleneck. A complete process of electronic commerce and the traditional business process, is made up of business flow, logistics, information flow and cash flow of 4 parts. The logistics bottleneck of electronic commerce in our country at present, the main performance for after the realization of business flow activities on the Internet, without an effective social logistics distribution system of physical transfer providing low-cost, timely, right amount transfer service. The shipping cost is too high, too slow is the electronic commerce the buyer not satisfied.
 
6. The problem of information sharing
 
The basic starting point of the supply chain management is through the joint planning and sharing information to realize the synergy benefits. But at present our country enterprise still exist many problems in this respect. The article numbering center of China, according to a survey in 234 companies surveyed, only eight companies invite relevant trade partners to participate in the development of new products. This shows that in terms of new product development, most companies still in single combat. Few companies to be able to own each function integrated with trade partners, information sharing is not optimistic.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
7. The problem of talent
 
Supply chain management into our country's time is short, the domestic enterprise who knows, of a lack of supply chain management talents education and training. Although some companies in some way operation embodies the ideas of supply chain management, but don't know the supply chain management is how to return a responsibility. Supply chain management is a cross-organizational, cross-industry management concept. It involves many fields of high technology, not only need specialized technical talented person, and be proficient in all kinds of management theories, methods and means, and familiar with many technologies related to the supply chain integrated talent.
 
3.2 the countermeasures of supply chain management in our country
 
1. Strengthen the research of supply chain management and the enlightenment education, change ideas.
 
Theory and practice of supply chain management in China is in its infancy. Many theoretical problem has not been thoroughly, even the concept of supply chain management are not unified. Fortunately, it has caused the attention of the government departments and industry associations, to begin the research of supply chain management. Government should fund some conditional units, intensify the study of supply chain management, for the spread of new management concept and practical application to lay a theoretical basis.
 
Contains a lot of management technology and method of supply chain management in China's business community and the public to understand this is very shallow, seriously affects its application popularization, the local operations of although some enterprises in the supply chain has reflected the thought of supply chain management, but do not understand the supply chain management. So the relevant departments should strengthen the enlightenment education of supply chain management.
 
By strengthening the supply chain of the enlightenment education, make the enterprise really recognize that in today's rapidly changing market, by the mere force of its own has been unable to gain a competitive advantage, must put themselves into the supply chain, into their enterprise ecosystem, in cultivating their own core competitiveness, on the basis of strengthening the cooperation with trading partners, will he not good at outsourcing business, change the past "instead of" backward "conveniently small" idea, change the thought of "bigger is better" in the past, put the goals of the enterprise in the pursuit of practical results. Only can really provide a valuable service to the customer, their survival and development.
 
2. To speed up the electronic commerce, bar code technology in the promotion
 
Bar code technology and electronic commerce is the core of supply chain management support technology. Their application level of high and low is directly related to the success or failure of supply chain management.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
Aimed at the problems existing in the application of barcode technology in China, should continue to promote commodity bar code technology at the same time, continuously improve the quality of commodity bar code application, to guide production enterprise business management application of commodity barcodes, change the past passive commodity bar code application, to make goods barcode service for their business. At the same time to increase the ITF barcode, 128, the application of the pace, in commodity packaging, transport, supply chain members, such as various entities in the process of supply chain effective identification and the automatic data collection and the application of bar code technology, for the entire supply chain management to lay the foundation of information exchange and information sharing.
 
Our country to carry out the electronic commerce is to promote the national economy and an important part of social services, to change the social economic operation
 
As a model, promote the development of information industry and provide new economic development opportunity has the vital significance. Electronic commerce application level directly affect the performance of a supply chain, the government should play a macro guidance role in the development of electronic commerce, strengthen mutual coordination department, maintain the consistency of policies, regulations and standards, formulate the relevant policies of e-commerce. Enterprises should be combined with their own situation, to develop practical solutions, media should guide correctly, give up the past blindly hype, let the electronic commerce can really play a role.
 
(3) establish a corresponding organization, strengthen the standardization work
 
The practice of supply chain management from abroad, the promotion is mainly composed of various kinds of association to do, many organizations in order to achieve a common goal, sitting together, discusses the application of supply chain management, made outstanding contribution to the development of supply chain management. Commonly used methods of supply chain management, quick response (QR), effective customer response (ECR) and so on are developed vigorously promote industry association.
 
Is now in the transition to a market economy in our country, the role of the government's administrative function to enterprise is gradually weakened, and the implementation of supply chain management. According to present situation of our country, the function of each industry or cross-industry association will continue to strengthen. Set up supply chain management committee for international practice, and in accordance with China's current policy.
 
Standardized work is very important for supply chain management. Standards related to the supply chain management scope is very large. At present, the most important two aspects are identification standard and transport logistics standardization. In these two aspects, standardization in our country is still not in place. Although logistics identification is the basic complete technical standard, but its application promotion situation is not optimistic. And the means of transport on the standardization of the lack of strength. Although the administrative department in charge of the national standard is the state bureau of quality and technical supervision, but each kind of standard is centrally located in standardization technical committee of each department. Therefore, in order to make all kinds of standard can harmonious and unified, needed by the state department in charge of standardization work of the standardization work in the face of these units to coordinate, between various units should also actively cooperate with, joint efforts, the standardization work well.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
4. The theory should combine with business, accelerate the promotion of supply chain management
 
In terms of supply chain management, it can be said that the theoretical circle of our country already have a certain depth of understanding, but the understanding of the business is relatively shallow. So the country should accelerate the pace of scientific research system reform, to encourage the combination of theory and corporate world, only in this way, to ensure that the widespread dissemination of supply chain thinking and practical application.
 
5. To speed up the commodity information database and the construction of distribution center, the development of the third party logistics
 
In the supply chain, the information is very important for the members of the supply chain. Merchandise manufacturers need to get enough commodity market information before production, to predict the future market demand for goods type, capacity, cycle, and thus decided to put into product development, development, production and sales of money, manpower, material resources and time. Wholesalers, distributors and retailers also need to get enough before the goods commodity market information, and POS system sales information, to determine the purchase and sale of products, brand and quantity. Before consumer is buying goods, need to more functions, performance, price, quality, design, safety, life after making comparison, to make the purchase decision. So the commodity information database is established to supply chain management is of great significance.
 
6. Strengthen personnel training, change the traditional organizational structure
 
To establish a high-quality management team, is the top priority. Enterprise leading personnel of knowledge updating and adjustment ability has become the most urgent task. Especially enterprises should strengthen the supply chain management and its related knowledge of learning, through various channels, and earnestly do a good job in staff training, strengthen personnel training, to adapt to the current increasingly volatile market competition environment.
 
7. The efficient replenishment in retail stores as its breakthrough, actively pilot
 
Relative to manufacturing, China's retail industry informatization level is higher. Some foreign retailers in China in recent years, in particular, they have better internal management information system, bar code POS system application is successful, are more advanced ideas, and also has strong appeal for suppliers. Therefore, from a few large retail stores as the breakthrough point, the system of efficient replenishment
 
Chapter 4 under electronic commerce environment of supply chain management
 
4.1 the reality of supply chain management under the e-commerce environment
 
Company after ready to design the electronic commerce mode, the company's focus will be made by the internalization is transferred to the external environment of the enterprise. Companies began to carefully select suppliers, distributors, and the main customers, cooperation in a supply chain network to form alliance, cooperation will become critical, each member will further build up the value chain. Set in order to realize the value chain, companies must change the traditional internal creed "we all are the best", carefully choose partners, to form a new e-commerce model.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
1. To establish a model: the early behavior
 
The Internet and digital economy are reforming the business model, based on customer interaction became popular all over the world. All business departments are affected by different degree, even temporarily not affected departments will be involved in the reform tide in the near future. Way to trade gradually shift from the traditional physical inventory transactions for electronic transactions, customer interactions with electronic response system through the network. Implementation of electronic trading decision factors is to support the company to the company's communication system is improved. Companies must balance physical channels and electronic channel relationship immediately.
 
The Internet add millions page every day. Company can through the analysis of web page know what business and customer response channel, to create new profits for companies to provide business opportunities, which channel will make the company realize the profit of the market, so as to make appropriate decisions. But only if the company must form a senior company, network company, the customer's response. Establish the network response system needs guidance. Formation mode, the steps are as follows:
 
(1) decided to establish network system, around which the core company meet the needs of specific customers
 
The role of this step is to choose the promoter action. He can be a stable company brand, also can be a large industrial products company, big bank or a health care organization. The company will organize external members collaborative development mode, strategy and test mode. The company will be responsible for the initial meeting, all in all, the purpose of the first step is to discuss how to use the power of the collective to create advanced business model. New members of the collective must trust each other, respect each other, this is action is key factor of success.
 
(2) to form the core of supply chain group, began to build the new model
 
Before the team core companies need to prepare a business unit, a production line or the progress of a service. Schedule diagram can be done under the assistance of other group members. The purpose is to provide discussion direction, avoid discussing too wide. Progress chart may go through several revisions or even completely abandoned in the future, but it can provide direction for initial discussion, to accelerate the process of discussion. Team members can put our heads together to take an examination of how in the whole field within the supply chain network) (i.e. the progress chart covers cooperation, realize the optimization. In the early exchanges will know the company is the purpose of supply chain optimization knowledge well together to create a high degree of optimization of the network. Choice of business unit product line or service is not important, important is that people are able to communicate together advanced ideas, each team will find many advanced methods adopted by other network members. Determine the scope, focus on advanced method helps to establish a comprehensive system to response.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
Due to the early and the new group discussion results will have a significant impact on the future of Internet construction, so the company must choose carefully. Company listed first may be selected suppliers, distributors, and the main customers, and gradually narrowing the scope. Suppliers, for example, the company from the list of trusted suppliers first select capable of e-commerce company. Then, chosen from among these companies willing to under the condition of limited risk investment in a new mode of e-commerce company. Finally invited one or two companies to caucus.
 
Also, the choice of the dealer also requires a certain technical ability, have to participate in desire and investment. After screening, invite a qualified company to core team meeting. Choosing customers must be able to represent specific customers demand for products and services. This step is the biggest difficulty is to overcome the traditional corporate relations, reform of unilateral desire to reduce costs. Development of electronic commerce mode and strategy that each partner use common resources to seek common interests.
 
(3) to analyze the current situation to determine the network relative to the position of the industry leading level
 
This step requires the panel members in the study of electronic supply chain strategy is put forward constructive Suggestions to openly, they must be able to retain their advanced method is put forward, the development direction of public company and other leading companies to master the information of the company. Companies sent representatives must understand the supply chain, logistics and sales. Should also include team members understand the target consumption group and good at dealing with relationships. The most important thing is that each company should select an IT specialist (i.e., to help build communication network). Discussions before the group will choose a basic knowledge.
 
To accept a reality: the world is to convert to digital direction. This trend is irreversible. Electronic and physical response channels must be established in responding to customer needs. Discussion content must include how to contact the target customers through the two channels. In addition, the traditional model of supply chain relationship has from order - invoice to the customer as the center of network relations of cooperation. The customer is the winner of the electronic revolution. New strategies and patterns have to terminal consumer as the center, improve the efficiency of the response of the supply chain network.
 
In addition, the Internet lead to capital and the globalization of business, a new model must consider the world, at any time to meet the challenges of the competitors. Must be used to replace the traditional level communication network communication, realize the whole supply chain network data real-time access.
 
2. Planning: mid-term behavior
 
Cultivate its trust cooperation atmosphere, team members started to formulate plans for electronic commerce mode. This step requires team members to spend more time and energy. As the mid-term behavior development, team member must invest all energy. This step is:#p#分頁標題#e#
 
Joint cooperation design idea and value solution, strive for the support of senior leadership.
 
Members of the network began to seriously consider how to cast off the yoke of the traditional business model of establishing value chain combination oriented new e-commerce model. This stage requires members to get rid of the bondage of traditional thought, according to the requirements of future market thinking countermeasures. Traditional method of advanced only part of the strategy used can be maintained. Encourage new ideas, new concepts.
 
Patience is of vital importance to the discussion at this stage. Must listen to the opinions of the team members of each. Regular group meeting form may be used, but discussion focus to how to build the business model of the economic test ban. Need to involve a variety of ideas, encourage team members to public opinion.
 
Then, according to the target request possible implementation scheme, and select the best idea, submit the leadership review. Selected ideas is probably not the final plan, but it must be able to reflect the collective wisdom of network members, and is different from before thinking mode, this stage requirements: value chain members must be able to abandon the advanced supply chain e-commerce solutions, to obey the company's common goals, infrastructure requirements, technical requirements, and the requirement of resource utilization, development can benefit all the members of a viable business strategy and business model.
 
Members of the value chain must be clear, the future is visibility requirements of customers, they asked to see the location of the products. Network must be able to show the positions of the inventory in delivery channel. The distinctive features of the network can be in each step of the value chain (from the original source to the final consumer) monitoring and analysis of information and provide demand forecast.
 
(1) determine the gap between the current position and target location, set goals to close the gap and achieve the goal
 
Every member of the core team will be proved by the company or other leading firms or network effective advanced method is discussed. Purpose is to make network members understand comprehensive network connection, realize that may occur as a result, the team hopes to supply chain of each link are all very good, finally realizes the response network optimization.
 
This step is the focus of statistical network design possible best results, be compared with other advanced network can data (if present). Record gap, according to the severity of divided into level.
 
(2) selecting several contents as short-term development goals, to accumulate funds to prepare for the later development
 
Design team to focus on short-term development goals, to accumulate funds for the start of network construction. Choose members of the project should be able to use common resources, high success rate, quick effect and high return. Members of the company will be done through cooperation these plans. Typically short-term project is to build a new inventory management system, the development of network transport mode, increase the income of a particular customer market, web site design, collective purchasing system and strengthen the order.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
Organisation, team, design of each project requires resources respectively, the scope and the articles of association, action steps, schedule, measurement mechanism, supervision mechanism and the target state. Pay attention to the choice of the project should not be too much. This is a chance to demonstrate the effectiveness of the conception, design and model, the team must choose the best project, to ensure success.
 
3. Plan: late behavior
 
Form vision, leadership support, after completion of short-term development for the next task is to choose a pilot. Pattern design of the late need to select a panel recommended to business units.
 
(1) set up including double channel distribution system of electronic commerce mode, finish the project design.
 
In order to reflect the new concept, the original schedule diagram has been modified many times. Now group will target business unit, according to the advanced group of inductive method to map a schedule. Production progress chart of the guiding ideology is to use network resources together to realize from the original supply to the consumer to after-sales service of the entire supply chain optimization. Progress of figure drawing, from the procurement of raw materials to final consumption, each step through co-operation. Shared resources, especially IT capabilities, throughout the production process, processing, manufacturing, production), make sure to test technology to get the necessary information support, with the direction of advance to the client, the supply chain design plan implemented step by step. Now group will be based on the double channel process, steps to progress in the figure. "Directly affected zone" is the characteristic of new pattern, is the key to the success or failure. Each process step after a group discussion. Team has accumulated plenty of cost data, can more accurately estimate the cost of the process steps, all in progress chart reflect the cost of the entire supply chain. Through progress chart, people can understand (collective) procurement costs, (Shared) after the method advanced production costs and (define) after the market, sales and service role for target customers and customer service costs - the current state and target state.
 
Progress chart drawing is completed, the team completes its central mission: to design a new type of electronic commerce mode, guide the construction of pilot network. Model by a customer as the center of the double channel response of system. Contents include, how to through the physical/electronic two channels to better service for customers. Considering the main factors is the optimization of supply chain, advanced supply chain technology and electronic commerce in the application of the double channel response system. Considering the contents should also include the definition of new market role. Internet sales, for instance, must be able to help certain customers to solve the problem. Alone is not enough to get the order, should also include the content of the sales provide competitive pricing information.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
(2) choose a business unit as a pilot, try the core team's advice.
 
After the progress chart and double channel pattern design, the team started contact management to select the core business unit as a pilot. The effect is similar to the core company core business units, are all activities center. This stage does not require the plan of action and the integrity of the details, but a start, in the process of adjustment. For specific actions by business unit requirements and market conditions, this phase should choose a visionary leadership, let him lead the pilot unit into the e-commerce world, he will accumulate the necessary resources and make the pilot makes more sense.
 
Pilot unit must have a certain scale, and can be competent for the role of the core unit, set up the e-commerce model must have a clear value, can produce immediate benefits. Unit the leadership must be able to invest enough time responsible for the pilot project to the end, and the ability to notice the other members of the situation, be good at coordinating member units and business relationship. Suppliers, distributors, and customers will provide personnel, pilot unit according to the plan around the core technologies and systems enrich pattern, form a real business conditions.
 
(3) determine the time limit of pilot projects, work content, the required resources, output and evaluation plan.
 
Pilot project takes time to produce desired results, but there is no unified time limit. Simple structure of the medium-sized business unit may take six to eight months, complicated large-scale commercial network may need 12 to 18 months. Model needs to cross a certain geographic range, such as production lines, a service line or the entire product supply routes for the business unit. But, must pay attention to the target don't order too much, this is just a try stage, the purpose is to test the validity of the guidance model and the effectiveness of the means to gain industry advantage. This stage need to develop a work plan, determine the work content, time, and plan production. As a pilot project, team may need to modify the model and the process steps, but in the early stage of the work still needs the guidance of the work plan.
 
(4) the review results and modify schedule, plan and mode, promotion, rewards design personnel
 
After the pilot was sorted out, the dispute shall be submitted to participate in the pilot project of members of the company's senior leadership review. This stage, the original concept has proven to set up or have modified according to the test conditions. Team will be according to the results of individual members change model, further perfect the process steps. Since the practice have proved that the new model can generate new revenue sources and higher profits, so the company's next task is necessarily the value chain was established based on the model. After the success of model construction, the company should reward design personnel.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
The above description of work steps can be modified according to the team progress. However, it is a more direct and effective method, to be able to organize joint design patterns for e-business supply chain members, establishing network and the value chain. Built into a meaningful, purposeful and success after collection of the value chain, core team does not dissolve. Team's next goal is to establish the first category five and comprehensive network of supply chain, the value chain together, formed to a specific customer service features of the network, to create a new source of income.
 
Cisco case:
 
Cisco's supply chain management mode based on global e-commerce
 
The Internet unceasing change and optimize the operation of the business process, yet its potential is still far from play, online trading, online publications, internal and external communication is only the initial stage of Internet applications. In the face of the Internet, how to keep a low cost high income products and services, how to build customer loyalty and the emerging network company competition, how to rely on thousands of miles away suppliers and partners in global competition and so on, is each enterprise must answer problem. Cisco's supply chain management is a very good answer. Cisco can create an unprecedented development speed, is the result of its supply chain based on global e-commerce business model (hereinafter referred to as cisco e-commerce SCM mode). This pattern of supply chain management is described below.
 
1. Cisco e-commerce mode of SCM
 
Supply chain management mode based on global e-commerce is the cisco in its e-commerce strategy put forward a kind of supply chain management mode, which USES the Internet's ability to transcend time and space, cisco and its supply chain on their potential customers all over the world, each member of the existing customers, partners, suppliers and employees closely together, fusion for a common service in customer cisco network extended enterprise (Internet extended enterprise), it removes the old enterprise boundaries and geographical restrictions, greatly improving the business transactions between the members and, the efficiency and effect of information sharing, communication and so on, thus can effectively manage and improve the relationship between supply chain members, formed a kind of based on the Internet, open and dynamic work environment. In this kind of business model, with the help of the information provided by cisco and integrated business system, customers can be efficient and low cost with cisco online communication, online transactions, and obtain the real-time online service and technical support; The other members of the supply chain is due to the completely Shared key business information and improve the efficiency of business operation, speed up the customer reflect; Can cisco itself is at a lower cost to provide clients with better products and services, improve customer satisfaction to win customer loyalty, and establish long-term win-win cooperation relationship with all members, to obtain the sustainable competitive advantage.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
2. Cisco implement e-commerce SCM model results
 
In 1998, for example, through the implementation of supply chain management, cisco online transactions more than $23 million a day, 75% of the annual sales by online is complete; 55% of the outsourced products supply partners (these products directly to the customer, in order to execute completely don't need to cisco touch); Save cost more than $75 million a year; Sales rose from $1995 in 2 billion to 1998 in 8.5 billion. All in all, based on the cisco global e-commerce supply chain management has achieved great success.
 
Other measures and specific number:
 
(1) customer satisfaction from 3.4 in 1996 to 4.2 in 1998 (bilton: efficient and accurate on-line order and online configuration; Suppliers, manufacturers share real-time order information; Order cycle from 6 to 8 weeks down to 1-3 weeks.
 
(2) the cost to save $75 million a year in which the material cost savings of $24 million, human resource cost savings of $51 million. Reason: supplier price declines (as a supplier for the following benefits after return to cisco: payment cycle shortens, eliminating the paper media orders and invoices). Reduced or remitted to test engineers, production workers, such as purchasing yuan personnel employment.
 
(3) and a 45% reduction in inventory reasons: for outsourcing production needs and real time inventory management, spare parts supply automation management, etc.
 
(4) new product cycle shorten 25% (and thus increase the revenue of $100 million). Reason: on average, the development and manufacture of new products, five steps, the prototype test repetitions reduced by 1 time, the remaining four steps (design, modification, quality testing, perfect) shorten the time for more than a week; Electronic documentation generated for a few minutes, and the original manual summary should be 1 to 2 days.
 
(5) the scale of production almost no increase in administrative costs, increased to 3 times. Reason: the cisco outsource production process to the key partners.
 
(6) customer response speed, the order cycle is reduced from 6 to 8 weeks of 1-3 weeks. Reasons: more than 55% of the product outsourcing production without any intervention, cisco outsourced 97% of the products to the date of shipment according to the requirements of customers; 75% of the products online, order automatically to cisco and manufacturing partners, to speed up the execution of the order.
 
4.2 the electronic commerce environment of supply chain management of risk prevention
 
1. The risks of supply chain management under the e-commerce environment
 
Since the supply chain is a start from procurement through production, distribution and sales at the user's long chain, so in this long chain, as long as there is a link out the problem, can pose a threat to the entire supply chain, supply chain risk has the following:#p#分頁標題#e#
 
(1) natural disasters. Such as typhoon, earthquake, flood, fire and snow storms from the destruction of nature, would threaten the safety of the supply chain. "9.12" earthquake in Taiwan, for example, caused a global industry, computer price volatility.
 
(2) the problem of suppliers. The sole supplier, to appear on the supply chain is the result of the formed by all kinds of conflicting interests. Manufacturer to reduce construction cost of short-term interests rather than to evade the risk of long-term interests, often can feel the sole supplier system is better, because of the construction cost is lower, the supply is stable. The sole supplier system, however, there is a huge risk, that was once one of the links appear problem, the entire supply chain will collapse.
 
(3) the defects of information technology will restrict its role in supply chain. Network transmission speed, the stability of the server and running speed, the defects in the design of software and an available virus and so on, will pose a huge threat to the supply chain.
 
(4) information transmission problems. When increasing the scale of the supply chain, the structure is complex, the opportunity to supply chain information error is also increasing. If there are some company for various reasons can't often place the orders, supply chamber of commerce of reliable information to arrange production, the uncertainty of the market will be transmitted to all the members on the supply chain.
 
(5) corporate culture issues. Different enterprises have different corporate culture, corporate culture will lead to different views on the same problem, to adopt different processing technique, as a result, the final output different results. How to coordinate the supply chain members between different enterprise culture, is also a problem in the supply chain.
 
2. The electronic commerce environment of supply chain risk management measures to prevent
 
(1) in the supply chain members to form a strategic partnership, this strategic partnership means that vendors and suppliers are not only the relationship between buyers and sellers, more important is a kind of partnership or even a friend, the two sides should be in addition to buying and selling more in other ways.
 
(2) is equipped with backup supplier. To reduce risk and ensure the stability of supply, supply chain because of the multiple supply channels, can't just rely on one supplier, or due to some point problems, cause paralysis of the entire supply chain, lose market, lost customer serious losses.
 
(3) emergency measures to deal with emergencies. For some by accident but devastating events, should be provided in advance, avoid hurry-scurry, then in order to reduce or avoid losses.
 
Conclusion
 
To sum up, supply chain management, e-commerce is emerging business model, they not only bring enormous business opportunities, also relatively poses a grave threat to the enterprise, has brought new business competition and challenges. Therefore, the enterprise how to import to improve its supply chain management, e-commerce and supply chain management to develop e-commerce. Success in today's era of competition, is the current urgent problem the theory and practice world.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
Reference
 
1. Yang Xiaoyan, supply chain management, Shanghai: fudan university press, 2005.
 
2. Li hong, Liang Jin, e-commerce technology, Beijing: people's posts and telecommunications publishing house, 2001.
 
3. Zhang Jin, introduction to e-commerce, Beijing: Peking University press, 2001.
 
4. Qian Zhi network, supply chain management, Beijing: China times economic publishing house, 2006.
 
5. Dong Chao li-hua huang, the electronic commerce environment of supply chain model, 2001.
 
6. Bo-xiong LAN, xu heart, supply chain management in e-commerce era, the Chinese management science, 2000.
 
7. LuXiaoChun, e-commerce technology to supply chain model, the influence of material circulation in China, 2001.
 
8. Deng Shunguo, introduction to e-commerce, Beijing: tsinghua university press, Beijing jiaotong university press, 2005.