British student essay papers：在網絡的虛擬世界中關于人類的倫理思考
Computer and network technology, the rapid development of human social activities are changing the way that human society is evolving into a new form of existence - virtual society. It produces , the reality of social moral values ??and ethical norms that challenge. Virtual social reality of social impact of traditional morality has two aspects . On the positive side , the network of contacts beyond the limits of time and space , expanding the scope of ethical relations . Network contains a large number of unfamiliar moral relations , different languages, different classes of people , this is in the past can not be won in any discipline . But at the same time , the network also brings emotional indifference, alienation of human nature , moral anomie and other ethical issues . This paper is the study and discussion of the "virtual society" the real impact of the negative aspects of social ethics , when we are faced with network technology brings the actual or potential adverse impacts must care for humanity from the height of the network virtual society ethical issues calm rational thinking . This is both a human right and human responsibility .
計算機與網絡技術的迅猛進展，正在變更人的總稱的工作外的集體活動形式，人的總稱社會形態正在漸漸衍變出一種新的存在形態——網絡虛擬社會形態。它的萌生，對事實社會形態的道德觀念和倫理規范提出挑戰。網絡虛擬社會形態對事實社會形態中傳統道德的沖擊有兩個方面。在積極的方面，網絡化的互相來往逾越了時空的限止，拓展了倫理關系范圍。網絡的道德關系中里面含有數量多生疏、不一樣語言、不一樣階級的人，這是過去不論什么學科都沒有辦法全部包括的。
First, the network technology virtual sex easy evoked ethical issues
First, the interaction of network technology , convenience and virtual characteristics, easy to cause social and moral issues , resulting in the implementation of the network as a direct tool of crime . Rapid transmission of large amounts of information , a mix of many immoral , or even anti- ethical content , hindering and inhibits the formation of a sound moral character , resulting in individual and group levels of moral decline . Secondly , network technology may cause cultural regress , lack of knowledge and the moral qualities of decline. Network has now become indispensable to people's lives more and more important part , if too much reliance on computer networks , weakening book reading and hands-on practice , making access to knowledge the way to become a kind of " fast food " model must make a reduction in the level of knowledge . All network culture , procedures , standardization can simplify people's thinking , visualization , linearization, people's lack of knowledge , aesthetic capacity decreased, outstanding cultural and moral traditions suffered abandonment . Network information explosion is not equal knowledge explosion, computers and networks to our knowledge is limited knowledge , can only provide people the " where " , "when" , "what " information , but can not replace human thinking . It can only tell the result , you can not give people something to fish thinking processes and problem-solving methods . Highly developed network technology may decrease people 's cultural quality for the price. Networks highly integrated and highly graphical features , will lead to people thinking ability, ability to abstract , expressive power of retrogression.
首先，網絡技術的交互、方便和虛擬的獨特的地方，便于造成社會形態道德問題，以致網絡變成實行犯罪的直接工具。迅速傳交的數量多信息中，混合摻雜著很多不道德、甚至于是反道德的內部實質意義，阻攔和制約了健全道德人格的形成，造成個體和整體道德水準的減退。其次，網絡技術有可能導致文化退步、知識缺乏及人的道德素質能力的減退。
Network technology in the virtual society magnified real social ethical problems. Traditional social relations are subject to geographical influence , in a certain sense, is a " social acquaintance " interaction objects are often acquaintances . Others rely on the supervision , awed by means of moral discipline , such as : public opinion , interest mechanism , the power of legal sanctions , the traditional morals are relatively well maintained. In traditional society , the " social acquaintance ", the more strongly the moral consciousness , ethical behavior is relatively rigorous. However, due to people's moral behavior is often done together to others, in particular the possible impact on their own people "see" , so if once into "Anyway no one knew me ," the state , from the eyes of an acquaintance , emotional and interpersonal public opinion and build defenses easily collapse. Therefore, in the virtual society , the network 's behavior also has a "digital" or "virtualization" feature , people can see and hear the image , images, text and sound in digital form into a show, or even who is also in a "symbol " for the identity of the virtual community activities in the network , no longer familiar with each other , making it difficult for the network to confirm the behavior of citizens and regulators .
Through the above analysis, real- life people who encounter various ethical issues , society will continue to exist in the network , and the network society has a " virtual" features, making them likely to be via electronic means of information amplification, thus becoming the social reality of the ethical and moral society is difficult to adjust and integrate chronic disease.
Second, the Chinese and Western traditions Humanity on virtual issue resolved
Network technology to bring people to the load methods and technology on society have a profound impact on the moral level , not only the technical aspects , it can be said that under the guise of the network technology of deep relations between people, between people and society relationship issues, namely human nature .
Traditional Chinese Humanity that: human nature , that is human nature , human prescriptive . Chinese ancient thinkers to human nature as a moral philosophy or ethics is a core issue . Qin , China Humanity has experienced several phases , such as : human nature is good and evil theory of human nature is neither good nor evil , goodness theory, evil nature , etc. ; Mencius goodness of which two thousand years in Chinese traditional culture, extensive influence ; after there Han Dynasty , Song Dynasty , Ming Xin Xue other theories , but these changes are also on the stage "human goodness " general definition . Zhu called : "Fate of sex is science, there is no reason poorly and temperament of you , one and Particulars" , to make up for the deficiencies of the goodness of Mencius , but basically unchanged.
Ethics in the History of Western " human nature is evil " thinking that humanity from the "evil " to " good" has gone through three levels: First, biological level ; two are social level ; Third spiritual level . In the biological level, human nature is partial evil ; at social level, good and evil Cross ; the spiritual level, the human side of good . Especially in the social hierarchy of evil Exalted mainly as a conscious evil , even evil is behavioral . Any person at this level have a tendency to self-interest , which is commonly known as "human evil ." Since the Hercynian Oude proposed: " Pandura opened the box of evil , from the abyss of evil human nature to fall ! " Which opened Human Nature selectively biased curtain , after which many thinkers problem of human nature are quite Controversy . Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy to Christian theology, from the Renaissance , the Reformation humanist thinkers to Western thinkers , even deeper to reveal the essence of human nature is evil , apparently with China in the mainstream human nature in stark contrast. Given the above analysis , in the modern network activity showing a new ethical issues , we can learn from " human nature is evil ," to explore the moral point of view , such as modern network activity that may exist in moral disorder , moral misconduct , human alienation and other issues. This mainly for network individualism , moral relativism and anarchy prevailed provides the most suitable soil ; network virtualization, interactivity, and anonymity will encourage people to be more realistic idea of the nature of things , and concrete.
Third, the network control virtual society conceived ethical issues
Although the network is to bring a lot of new and difficult ethical issues , but we can not order to purify the ethical norms and away from even reject modern technological civilization , because the scientific and technological development is an irreversible historical trend. Network ethics problems undoubtedly also rely on technological progress means that if people are able to " self-discipline " and consciously assume their ethical responsibility , network ethics problem will be effectively controlled. Technological advances and ethical controls only work in order to create a more humane social network . In order to be able to get a deeper level of information security protection technology to make up for the lack of control and legal control , we need to resort to ethics in human factors , based on humanity and morality to consider ethical issues in virtual social control .
( A ) on the network technology humanity, correcting the negative development of network technology value-oriented
Network is both a technology, but also a culture . We can not just rely on firewalls and filtering software and other technical means , but also need to inject more human color network . Urgent requirement of network technology and network to form a mutual influence between morality and interactions between , enabling technology and humanities, technology and the unity of humanity . In the rapid development of network technology today, also pay attention to the human spiritual home construction, the shaping of the human mind can not be ignored . The sound and light information civilization , cultivate morality and sentiment can not cover up the importance of self-cultivation . To suppress the negative effects of network technology , we must make ethical spirit , spiritual values ??into the whole process of development of network technology . Only in this way , human activity was more truth, goodness , beauty, unity of the four properties of interest . In fact, many of the techniques and results of mankind is now " feasible " and " facts" , such as nuclear technology has produced the nuclear bombs that could destroy the Earth , but people did not do so , not because the " feasibility " of the missing , but because "should not ." Network technology as well. The technology gives the ability to provide the behavior of the control body in line with the fundamental purpose of human specific and fundamental interests within the scope of moral subject can not be ignored is the network 's main tasks . The technology gives the ability to provide the behavior and control in ethics within the range allowed by precisely the concept of " virtual society" the necessity of ethics and human caring .
( Two ) integration of traditional ethics resources on the reality of human nature in the overall development of society , ethical issues for network control
The problem is not ethical issues evoked network has the technical , ethical issues in the end is a kind and human -related social problems. The ethical issues of network control , and ultimately to pay attention to the social reality of the comprehensive development of humanity. Man's social nature of human existence is a historical process of evolving , because of human nature does not become a certainty for the future is always open to exist. Human thought and behavior , in essence, is a pointer to the future and the transcendent reality . Through practice and overcome the limitations of reality , while constantly striving for perfection , freedom, constant self- transcendence, self-development is human nature . Virtual society ethical issues , or simply abandon the social reality of human nature and its corresponding social environment. Scientific and technological progress , are people beyond their own finitude . Virtual social networks are actually human self- transcendence and self-development of a modern logo . Network because of its freedom, it seems you can let people do whatever they want to become "free " promised land , but freedom and the pursuit of freedom , is important connotation of healthy human nature , but freedom is not indulgence, instead of ignoring rules and constraints , but not do whatever they want , but people consciously abide by its own constraints and rules enacted . Healthy community is always full development of human health and to provide an effective way and in good condition . When a person in the real world have more freedom and self- development opportunities , people will be on network ethics inherent requirements of a more urgent and more consensus .
