東安格利亞大學University of East Anglia:淺析服裝企業自主創新戰略選擇研究

Enterprises are the main body of independent innovation. However, China's garment enterprises currently inadequate capacity of independent innovation, innovation system is not perfect, the lack of digestion and absorption of advanced technologies, technological innovation, original design and development capacity is weak. 2004 National Industrial Census show that the national industrial enterprises above designated size for R & D investment accounted for sales revenue of 0.56% only 0.3% of the textile industry. Many foreign companies interested in the purchase of production equipment to the introduction of technology, ignoring the soft technology introduction and digestion and absorption of imported technology innovation, the result can only be "the introduction, introduction, and the introduction of" technical condition of the domestic apparel industry in general has not been fundamental change.

企業是自主創新的主體。但是，我國服裝企業目前自主創新能力不足，創新體系不健全，缺乏對先進技術的消化吸收能力，技術創新、原創設計開發能力弱。2004年全國工業普查顯示，全國規模以上工業企業用于研發方面的投入占銷售收入的比重為0.56%，紡織工業只有0.3%。不少企業熱衷于通過購買國外的生產設備來引進技術，忽視軟技術的引進和對引進技術消化吸收創新，其結果只能是“引進、引進、再引進”，國內服裝業總體技術狀況沒有得到根本轉變。

First, the meaning of innovation and basic types

一、自主創新的含義及基本類型

Own brand on the premise that independent innovation, China's Tenth Five-Year Plan on the proposal explicitly requested, to enhance the capability of independent innovation as the strategic basis for the development of science and technology. To create a business-oriented, market-oriented research that combines technological innovation system, the formation of independent innovation of the basic institutional framework.

Innovation is defined by a unique proprietary core technology as well as on the basis of the value of new product realization process. Innovation, including the original innovation, integrated innovation and the introduction of absorption and innovation. Results of independent innovation, generally reflect the new scientific discoveries and technologies with independent intellectual property rights, product, brand and so on.

自主品牌的前提是自主創新，我國關于第十一個五年規劃的建議中明確要求，把增強自主創新能力作為科學技術發展的戰略基點。要建立以企業為主體、市場為導向、產學研相結合的技術創新體系，形成自主創新的基本體制架構。 

Original innovation: refers to the unprecedented major scientific discoveries, technological inventions, works of leading technology innovations. Original innovation in research and development means that, particularly in the areas of basic research and high-tech research made a unique discovery or invention. Original innovation is the most fundamental innovation is the best embodies the wisdom of innovation, is a nation contribute to the progress of human civilization and an important manifestation.#p#分頁標題#e#

Integrated innovation: refers to a variety of existing technologies through the effective integration, the formation of a market competitive products or new industries. Introduction of absorption and innovation: refers to the introduction of foreign advanced technology, based on the study, analyze, learn, re-innovation, with independent intellectual property rights of new technologies. Introduction of absorption and innovation is to improve the capability of independent innovation an important way. Developing countries to developed countries directly through the introduction of advanced technology, especially through the use of foreign direct investment to obtain foreign advanced technology, after digestion and absorption to achieve innovation, shorten innovation time, but also reduces the risk of innovation.

Second, the garment enterprises independent innovation strategy selection http://ukthesis.org/dissertation_writing/MBA

After more than ten years of rapid development, China's garment industry has been a qualitative improvement of production and value has been greatly increased, however, the industry is still at a relatively low level of development, rapid industrial growth momentum mainly labor comparative advantage in In this case, women's business development model adopted only low-cost and OEM production for the international market.

OEM grim reality makes our garment enterprises meager profits. Statistics show that the entire garment industry supply chain profit distribution, broadly in line with processing sectors 10%, then 20% of a single link, brand and marketing 70% of the ratios. Garment enterprises in the absence of technology, no profit did not have the strength for the case of R & D investment, which led to its lack of market competitiveness. For these reasons, this paper considers the theoretical model of the original innovation for China's garment enterprises, is not realistic, draw Italy, France, the United States and other developed countries of advanced experience and technology, taking an integrated innovation strategy and the introduction of absorption and innovation of independent innovation strategic model more suitable for women enterprises in Hangzhou.

From innovative means and situational perspective, taking into account the domestic garment enterprises in the area potential, geographical and cultural, firm size, technical strength, and many other factors, integrated innovation and the introduction of absorption and innovation strategy is divided into the following categories:

1 lead innovation strategy

This is a typical "preemptive strike" strategy. Its greatest features and advantages are reflected in the "lead" on the word. It requires all competitors in garment enterprises rush to complete technical innovation and innovative products on the market, in order to gain high early "monopoly" profits. Almost all have strong technical innovation ability of enterprises to regard this strategy as beat the competition, "magic", but the current situation of China's garment enterprises, most enterprises do not have the ability to implement this strategy.#p#分頁標題#e#

2 imitative innovation strategy

This is a typical "striking" strategy, its spirit and essence of the "catch-up after the first imitation." Adopt this strategy either because of their own lack of innovative capacity garment, it is difficult in the "innovation priority" respects "the first innovator" a showdown, or the implementation of the first innovation strategy is economically feasible or viable. Compared with the first innovation strategy, innovation strategy mimics the outstanding advantages of the provincial effort, quick, low risk, input-output ratio. After using imitative innovation strategy is developed and enterprises have grown rapidly and the only way to catch up, so should become the first choice of most clothing companies current technology innovation strategy.

 At present China's garment enterprises to adopt innovative models to imitate quite common Garments Co., Ltd. Hangzhou Jiangnan commoner innovation through imitation achieved some success. Because of its limited scale and technical strength, in different seasons of a year, the company should send staff to the excellent design of advanced garment production area inspection, on the popular clothing products on the market research and digest, combined with the corporate target consumer groups improvement of the characteristics of locality, and put on the market. Facts have proved that this innovative model is conducive to saving costs, avoid disadvantages and weak R & D capabilities, but also to meet the market demand, and promote business growth.

3 Cooperative Innovation

In the 21st century, because of their own limitations, competitive model has evolved from the traditional "against competition" to "cooperative competition." In this situation, if the garment is still "behind closed doors" style to engage in "independent innovation", it is not only uneconomical and high-risk, it is unwise and impractical. In fact, most of today's business with other units (universities, research institutes, enterprises) innovation and cooperation to enhance technical capabilities. Relatively weak ability to innovate for their own clothing companies, cooperation and innovation strategy is one of the most effective "to take (others) to offset (themselves of) short" strategy, through the "leveraging strategy" rapidly grow their own innovative capacity and improve the innovation performance of the shortcut. The biggest advantage of collaborative innovation strategy is to enable all parties in the innovation process, "do their complementary advantages, risks with Tam, benefit-sharing."

As China's garment enterprises clusters have obvious advantages, regional closely linked, so cooperation and innovation is more suitable for domestic garment enterprises in the status quo an innovative model. Clothing enterprises can take advantage of clustering to take advantage of regional joint development, technology sharing, complementary advantages and common development strategy of finding it in our overall capacity and scale garment enterprises at a disadvantage under realistic conditions is particularly important.#p#分頁標題#e#

4 strategic core competencies

This is a typical "weaknesses" strategy, the core idea is "concentrating a superior force in niche areas or specialty areas to gain competitive advantage." Enterprises can rapid, healthy and sustained development continues, largely depends on the sustainability of technological innovation, the company's core capability is its technical innovation and sustainable development, the fundamental source and inexhaustible power, but also enterprises prerequisite for sustainable development. Innovation leader in application core competencies are generally experts in strategy, they are not only able to accurately identify their core competencies, can be very intently to their "energy" used in the cultivation of core competence and maintenance.