留學生dissertation網：審計報告格式樣本:SAMPLE AUDIT RE

SAMPLE AUDIT REPORT FORMAT

Water Audit Report:
November, 1988
- . Major aoston Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
Prepared By:
Your Name
X Y z Hospital
Boston, Hassachusetts 02111
I . '
Water Audit Report
留學生dissertation網Major Boston Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
SUMMARY e
This building consumed 33 million gallons of water in FYI88 at acost of $110,000. Sixty-four percent of that water is used forcooling compressors. Another four percent cools steam condensatebefore disposal. Processes (x-ray developers, kitchen, CSR andlabs) use fifteen percent. Thirteen percent is used for sanitaryand general cleaning.The following table summarizes the measures we found to be costeffective. They represent water savings of 24 million gallons peryearr nearly three qiarters of present consumptlon.Xe recommend that the Hospital implement all of these measures.
c- ~
Water Conservation Measure cost Savings Payback
Control Compressor Coolinq Flow $ 4,000 $ 2 8 , 7 0 0 .2 y r s
Eliminate Condensate Cooling 1,000 14,900 .1 yrs
Use chilled Water for Compressors 18 ,OOO 2 1 , 5 0 0 .8 yrs
Use Chilled Water for One Koldwave 10 , 500 11,000 .9 y r s
Control X-0-Mat Flow 14,000 4,400 3 . 2 yrs
$47,500 $80 , 500 .6 y r s
-
WATER UTILIZATI3N
Water Cost
dater is purchased from the Boston Water and Sewer Commission
through a meter common to several buildings on the campus.
ApplicabLe parts of the rate schedule, effective April I, 1 9 8 8 , are:
$/MCF $/MCF $/MCF $/Mgal
MCF/Dav Water Sewer Total Total
0-19 1 2 . 2 3 1 1 . 9 3 24.16 3.23
i J - 3 9 1 2 . 2 5 1 2 . 0 8 2 4 . 3 3 3 . 2 5
Major Boston Hospital, 11/88
.. _.
Use data indicates that from September, 1987 through August, 1988,31.4 million gallons of water were purchased. Appendix A summarizesthe 21 months of readings. That data is erratic and probablyincorrect for the first year; it appears more consistent fromSeptember, 1987 on, but remains suspect since there is no basis forthe winter peak water use indicated.
The total cost for water for the iast year, according to availabledata, was $104,600 using an average cost of $2S/MCF. Based on thecurrent effective BWbSC rate, it would have been $101,800.Pro-~ected cost for FYI88 is $106,300.
- Sanitary
All toilets are fitted with Sloan standard flushometers. There are175 toilets, 145 lavatories, 64 shower/tubs, 12 bedpan sterilizers
and 17 janitor's sinks.The daily average population is roughly 600 people weekdays and 400
c- - people on weekends, or 200,000 people-days per year. Using anaverage of 21 gallons per person-day (3 flushes at 5 gal/flush, .3
shower/baths at 15 gal/use, 1 washup at 1 gal/use), sanitary useamounts to 12,600 gallons/weekday or 4.2 million gal/yr.
KitchenHours of operation are 6:OO a.m. to 8:OO p.m. daily. Approximately#p#分頁標題#e#
4,000 meals per weekday and 2,500 meals per weekend day are prepared
and served in these facilities. Water using equipment includes:
-No. Device Use Characteristics Gal/Weekday
3 Steam Tables 2 fills/day x 20 gal/fill 100
2 Dishwasher Champion 6 4 Ka ; Better Sui It 2,200
1 Pot Scrubber cont for 50%; 3/4"svcI 3 gpm 1 ,000
1 Scullery cont for 50%; 1" svc, 5 gpm 2,000
12 Steam Kettles 40 gal/fill; 25 fills/day 1,000
3/4" service, 3 gpm max
6,300
This inventory implies about 1-1/2 gallcns of water are used per
neal. Annual use is 2.0 million gallons.
Hajor Boston Hospital, 11/88 -2-
Lab/Glass Washin9
The f o u r t h floor has one B e t t e r b u i l t 2000 g l a s s washer and (14)d o u b l e width u t i l i t y s i n k s . The s i n k s use 4 gpm when t h e f a u c e t is
f u l l y open, b u t t h e y are r a r e l y used. The g l a s s washer consumesbetween 30 and 40 g a l l o n s per c y c l e : each step (a d e t e r g e n t wash and
t h r e e r i n s e s ) u s e s 8 t o 10 g a l l o n s . hater from t h e f i n a l tap waterr i n s e is r e c y c l e d back t o a p r e - r i n s e . There are four c y c l e s perday. Lab u s e is a b o u t 140 g a l l o n s / d a y .
AutoclavesWater is used t o cool steam c o n d e n s a t e as it d r a i n s . There are s i x
a u t o c l a v e s i n t h e OR s u i t e which u s e a t l e a s t .5 qpm whenever t h ej a c k e t is b e i n g h e a t e d . They a r e "on" 14 h r s / d a y , 6 days/wk. There
a r e t h r e e i n CSR which use 1 gpm i n t h e same way; o p e r a t i o n s t h e r eare 10 h r s / d a y , 6 days/wk. Usage f o r t h e n i n e a u t o c l a v e s is 4,300
g a l l o n s / w o r k d a y , or 1.3 m i l l i o n g a l l o n s / y e a r .c- - CSR has s i x u t i l i t y s i n k s used i n batch w a s h i n g , a C a s t l e cagewasher ( a l s o a batch o p e r a t i o n ) and a P a s t e u r m a t i c i n s t r u m e n t washerr a t e d a t 30 g a l / f i l l . The washers are used i n t e r m i t t e n t l y d u r i n g
t h e day s h i f t and o c c a s i o n a l l y d u r i n g t h e e v e n i n g s h i f t . There are
s i x P a s t e u r m a t i c c y c l e s of f o u r f i l l s zach per d a y , two C a s t l e
c y c l e s of 3 f i l l s per c y c l e and 36 g a l / f i l l . U t i l i t y s i n k use is
s i x f i l l s per day a t 10 g a l / f i l l .
Estimated CSR u s e , e x c l u s i v e of a u t o c l a v e c o o l i n g , is 1,300
g a l l o n s / w o r k d a y or . 4 m i l l i o n g a l l o n s / y e a r .
Water CrJJled Compressors -
Medical a i r , medical vacuum, AC and r e f r i g e r a t i o n compressors i n t h e
sub-casement are water cooled and/or sealed. ( R e f e r t o t h e
d i s c u s s i o n on p a g e s 8 and 11 f o r d e t a i l s on t h i s equipment.) D a i l y
http://www.mythingswp7.com/dissertation_writing/#p#分頁標題#e#use f o r t h e ( 1 9 ) compressors is 57,000 g a l / d a y or 21 m i l l i o n
g a l l c n s / y e a r -- n e a r l y t w o - t h l r d s of a l l use i n t h i s b u i l d i n g .
Rad i o logy/X-0-Mat s
There a r e e i g h t x - r a y d e v e l o p i n g m a c h i n e s (X-0-Mats). The three i n
t h e ER a r e i n u s e f o r an average of 16 h r s / d a y , t h e one i n t h e OR
runs about 6 h r s / d a y , s i x days/wk and t h e f o u r i n Radiology run 11
hours/day, 5 days/wk. Each have a water bath w i t h a cons:ant flow
of tempered water o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1.5 gpm when the u n i t is on.
When o f f o r i n s t a n d b y , an a u t o m a t i c v a l v e s t o p s flow. D a i l y use is
8 , 6 0 0 g a l / d a y f o r t h e e i g h t machines. Annual u s e is 2 . 7 m i l l i o n
g a l l o n s .
Najor Boston Hospital , 11/88 -3-
- - .
WATER CONSERVATION OPPORTUNITIES
EQUIPMENT COOLING
During our survey, the following yses were found and the flows
estimated :
Total
Equipment GPM -LS-TO F
Refrigeration - (7) units with 4 92
Penn Controls
Refrigeration - (1) unit with 3 70
Penn Control
Vacuum Pump - ( 4 ) units with 1s 70
no control
Compressor - ( 4 ) units with 11 70 no control - -
33 73
The 33 gpm accounts for 17 million gal/year. A t $3.23/Mgalt cooling
for the equipment listed above costs $57,70O/year.
Recommendation
Add temperature control valves (Penn regulator, for example) tc the
compressor cooling water discharge lines and set them at 800. The
refrigeration compressors already have them. The net flow will be
reduced to an average of 16 gpm.
$500/valve set will cover all costs so the eight valves can be
installed for $4,000.
Circulating pumps and controls in the sub-basement will distribute
chilled water from the return main t o the compressors and back to
the return main a few feet downstream. A small bypass will ensure
uninterrupted flow to protect the pumps. City water connections are
maintained as backup.
Major Boston Hospital, 11/88
I
-4-
Total cooling loop costs are:
General Conditions
Pad
Water pipe
Electric Service
Isolation Valves r
Duplex pump controller
( 2 ) 1 hp Pump (24 gpm at 4 0 ' )
Engineering
Contingency, 10%
$ 2,000
400
8,400
1 , 200
800
1,000
1 , 000
$14,800
1,800
1,400
$18 , 000
Savings
The six temperature controllers will save 17 g m worth $29,700/yearf
but valve maintenance will be increased about P 1,00O/year.
savings will be $28,700. Simple payback on the control valves is
about two months.
!?et c- ~
The chilled water cooling loop will eliminate the remaining 16 gpm
0-f compressor cooling flow worth $28 , 000/year. The net annual#p#分頁標題#e#
savings due to the closed loop cooling will be approximately $21,500
due to increased maintenance expense. Simple payback is 10 months.
Major Boston Hospital, 11/88 -5
KOLDWAVES
Two Koldwave units in Radiology consume about 600 gallons per day at
an annual cost of about $700. A third Koldwave unit cools the
transformer room in the sub-basement. This unit runs with
uncontrolled flow at about 7 gpm a; 700 LWT; it uses about 10,000
gal/day at an annual cost of $12,000.
Recommendation
Install a 3/4" secondary line from the chilled water supply to the
Koldwave and regulate flow with Penn control valve to maintain a
discharge temperature of approximately 75O. The city water
connection may be maintained as a backup.
The chilled water connection is 200' from the sub-basement
Koldwave. Project cost will be $10,500. If the compressor cooling
loop is implemented, combining this loop into that one will save
c- - installation cost.
Savings
Since virtually all the city water will be conserved, net annual
savings will be about $11,000. Simple payback will occur in 11
months.
Hajor Boston Hospital, 11/88
, - - -
-6-
X-0-MATS
http://www.mythingswp7.com/dissertation_writing/Constant water flow of approximately 1.5 gpm when the unit is on is
necessary to remove chemicals and heat. Add a temperature control
valve t o maintain bath temperature when the unit is idling and be
fully opened when developing commences.
Recommendat ion
Seven Penn regulators at $500 each plus a set of controls at $1,000
each would cost $11,000. Engineering and miscellaneous cost would
bring the total to not more than $14,000.
Savincs
Assuming half the flow during "on" hours will be conserved with no
adverse effect on X-0-Mat operation or productivity, water savings
$3.23/Mgal, net annual savings w i l l be $4,400. Simple payback
period is 3.2 years.
c- ~ w i l l be 4,000 gal/day or 1.5 million gallons per year. A t
Major Boston Hospital, 11/88 -7-
I
CONDENSATE COOLING
There is little reason to continue cooling this condensate. Some
investigation will be required, including discussion with AMSCO and
verification of drain materials.
Recommendation .-
Shut off condensate cooling water to sterilizers. The investigation
will cost less than $1,000.
Savings
Stopping cooling at the point of use will save all of that and
$14,900 annually. Payback is almost immediate.
c- .
Major Boston Hospital, 11/88
i . .
-8-
?
MON YR DYS
---
DEC
JAN
PEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
PED
MAR#p#分頁標題#e#
APR
MAY
JON
JUL
AUG
8BP
PY88
GSP
-- ---
30
87 30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
36
31
29
31
30
29
27
31
31
88 31
336
--(M-C--F -1 --
390.13
-82 050
830.67
11.36
11.28
13.51
1.97
5.49
1.44
229.76
671.40
570.49
543.66
370.91
172.32
508.59
358.95
298 60
34.57
290.94
143.03
311015
( H g a l ) (MOD)
2918 97
-617 -2 1
6213 207
e5 3
84 3
101 3
15 0
4 1 1
11 0
1719 57
1289 43
5022 140
4067 131
3804 131
2774 89
2685 89
2234 77
259 10
2176 70
1076 35
------ -----
4267 138
29653 88
. 10
9
. -
BILLING HISTORY
Appendix A
? 1
DEVICE ----------
X-O-MATS
STM TBLS
D I SI1 W ASH I NQ
STM KETTLES
A I R / V A C COMPR
REPR COMPR
A/C
AUTOCLAVES
SINKS
SCULLERY
POT BCRUB
UTILITY
JANITOR
LAB
LAVATORY
CAGE WASHER
CART WASH ER
B P STERIL
SHWR/TUB RM
FLUSHOMETER
TOTAL
NUHBER
8
3
2
12
e
a
3
9
1
1
32
17
133
145
2
1
12
64
175
5
3
6
5 3
4
1 3
6
8 4
15 2.5
5 10.3
-M-G-D- -
8.6
01
2.2
1
37.4
10
10.6
6.3
2
1
03
.3
01
04
1.3
91
per day .4
2.4
9.0
U a8
U U
EQUIPMENT INVENTORY
Appendix A
I