國際會計學(xué)dissertation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格式 范文

我們開始,通過重復(fù)發(fā)生可能的行為來持續(xù)專業(yè)發(fā)展的價值和能力，然后我們定義的名稱可以稱之為專業(yè)發(fā)展和職業(yè)發(fā)展能力。這種方法是馬克和供應(yīng)，屬于終身學(xué)習(xí)的方法。這些方法也提供訓(xùn)練,我們將在相關(guān)的專業(yè)內(nèi)發(fā)展經(jīng)驗。

職業(yè)發(fā)展為何在領(lǐng)域之中如此重要.

專業(yè)發(fā)展并不是一個新概念,但它變得越來越重要，除了數(shù)量的知識和信息的數(shù)量增加，相應(yīng)的驅(qū)動器也在增加。材料科學(xué)與技術(shù)已成為強化知識以及知識經(jīng)濟(jì)的主體。

在這個新的世界對我們來說是不可能知道一切,它所給予知道,但入口到知識庫中越來越容易。
我們工作越來越多的項目 工作人員和我們幾乎不是明顯的。我們從事的項目不同,因此將我們從項目開始,從船員的船員和別人都在工作。確實對很多人來說,這些導(dǎo)致越來越多的旅客從事不同的職業(yè)工作，而這些工作性質(zhì)也決定了我們生活的功能。

We begin, by repeating to take place for it possible making the value of the continuing professional development and the abilities. We define then the designations „professional development and professional development abilities . Finally we regard methods to mark and supply relevant lifelong learning. These methods supply also training regime, by which we will experience at the professional development can.

Why professional development are abilities important?
Professional development is not a new concept, but it becomes increasingly important.
In addition the quantity of the knowledge - and the quantity of information away - drives to increase. Material science and - technology has the become intensive knowledge: we registered the knowledge-based economy.

In this new world it is impossible for us to know everything that it gives to know, yet is entrance to the knowledge base increasingly easily available.

We work increasingly in the crews on projects and much from which we, are virtually instead of perceptible. As ends with projects begins differently and thus move we from project to project, from crew to crew and from work a place on others. Indeed for many, those leads increasingly traveler nature of the work us into some different careers during our function life.

These are strong, concluded forcing for professional development abilities, but there are many more!
• A better informed and highly more developed public requires a higher task of Obacht and level services of the specialists.
• Connected with this the increase danger of the requirements for carelessness bad advice given by the specialists, who are meant, in their task or in „to have failed “.

• Within the organizations modern quality management systems that qualified people in the correct place are require, to make decisions.
What is professional development?

Professional development is the process, by which a person maintains the quality and the meaning of the professional services during its/their working life. Institut defined it for continuing the professional development as:

„Systematic maintenance, improvement and extending of the knowledge and the development of the personal qualities necessarily for the training of the professional and technical tasks during the working life of the practical man. “

It follows that we have an ethical responsibility as professional material technologists to continue our professional development during our careers.

Eeffective professional development
„would explain you to me please the way I from here to go are? On the a good deal depends on it, where you would like to arrive, “said the Cheshire cat.
„I not much Obacht, where, “Alice said. „Then it does not constitute, way you goes, “said the cat.
„I keep, “Alice added somewhere so long as explanation. “OH, are safe you to do “said, the cat, “if you go only long enough. “ Lewis Carroll (1865), analysis p54
1.2 Analysis of the more effective ways to learn

this is the starting point for our individual professional development plan and should the components of the table down contain:
The personal profile -, which is created after the Macmillan opened acquisition course for nursing for the sick.

Define it the strategy which must be focused our professional development for maximum effect correctly, so that it meets our individual development necessities and those the organization, for which we works (you see 2 to table down). If our employer in the correct place has an annual personnel report and estimation process, then our individual aspirations can and the organizational goals to have been repeated and a training and a development plan during the foreseeable future have been agreed upon. Otherwise we should discuss our professional development necessities with our manager and our department of the training or more humanly operational funds.
If you develop a plan of action, which puts the strategy into practice, the largest challenge can be. A plan of action can help. An effective plan of action has four key components:

- A free statement about to be obtained the goal,
- the activities required, in order to obtain the goal
- - the criteria of determining to when we achieved our goal, in order to supply the plan of action,
we must select opportunities for learning and abilities development for the goal synchronizing time mark for obtaining the goal, ideally in the partnership with our employer. And since professional development and the employer promotes the employee, could we find that our employer asks us to form a contribution to our own professional development by possibly specifying something from our own time and, by dividing the costs.

Task - Which is assigned by the British audiovisual society 1988 forwards that we at 10% of which we, 20% read of, what we to hear, 30% of which we, 50% see of, what we remind and hearing to see, 80% us of, what we to say and 90% of, what we to say at the same time and. For this reason Fischer (2000) recommends that we learning and working to integrate, so that we learn within the context of our work with realistic problems. Then the time and the effort, which we invest in the professional development, are recompenced, by supporting us immediately, in order to accomplish the task in the hand. Fischer believes that the immediate usableness of learning improves largely our motive, in order to learn.

During this for groups, like individuals to be generally applicable knows people, preferred we everyone, you ours learning kinds.
There are many ways, kinds of acquisition, of categorizing but the simplest place beginners in or more mehrer from three categories to:
• Obviously - those, which learn well by their eyes and which they see and to read. The ideal acquisition approximations in this case refer to study and on-line to also learn magazines and books.

• Hearing - which, which learn well, by hearing things, either on tape or in the discussion. Dialogue and discussion are important to their learning process. The ideal acquisition climate is the classroom, but discussions with colleagues and magnetic tapes for Tonaufzeichnunge can useful also be.

• Kinesthetically/tactile - those, which learn well, by doing „“, like a taking of their own notes or participation in the demonstrations and in the practical projects. Ideal structure: Magazine and on-line learn; Classroom, which energizes participation.
It is important to analyze the way which we learn well, before we the learning strategy/the plan of action flat, in order to obtain our goals. As I could you the way find, which you learn changes, like it older you grow. I now discovery, which draws after my last professional experience, in order to develop new knowledge and understanding, during, before I could adapt facts nearly effortlessly.

1. You are helping someone who wants to go to your airport, town center or railway station, you would :
B Tell her the directions
You are not sure whether a word should be spelled “dependent” or “dependant”, you would:
C Find it in a dictionary
3. You are planning a holiday for a group. You want some feedback from them about the plan. You would:
A. Describe some of the highlights.
4. You are going to cook something as a special treat for your family. You would:
D. Use a cookbook where you know there is a good recipe.
5. A group of tourists want to learn about the parks and wildlife reserves in your area.
A. Talk about, or arrange a talk with them about parks or wildlife reserves.
6. You are about to purchase a digital camera or mobile phone. Other than price, what would most influence your decision?
B. Reading the details about its features.
7. Remember a time when you learn how to do something new. Try to avoid choosing a physical skill. e.g. riding a bike. You learned the best by:

B. Listening to somebody explaining it and asking questions.
8. You have a problem with your knee. You would prefer that your doctor:
B. Used a plastic model of a knee to show what was wrong.
You want to learn a new programme, skill or a game on a computer. You would:
B. Talk with the people who know the programme.
10. I like websites, that have:
C. Interesting written descriptions, lists and explanations.
11.. Other than price, what would most influence your decision to buy a non-fiction book?
D. It has a real life-stories, experiences and examples.
You are using a book, CD or website to learn how to take photos with digital camera.
A. A chance to ask questions and talk about the camera and its features.
13. Do you prefer a presenter or a teacher who uses:
A. Demonstrations, models and practical sessions.
14. You have finished a competition and would like some feedback. You would like to have feedback:
A. Using examples from what you have done.
15. You are going to choose food from restaurant or café. You would:
B. Listen to the waiter or ask friends to recommend choices.
16. You have to make an important speech at a conference or special occasion: You would:
D. Gather many examples and stories to make talk real and practical.

As we saw, good professional development is based strongly on Self analysis and estimation to analyze in order to develop our personal profile and our preferential kinds of acquisition. This is not necessarily simple for a number of reasons. First to understand can be hard that and „see themselves, during other one see themselves us. “Secondly reflecting on abilities and authority is not something that engineers are necessarily trained, in order to do. The step of the life continues itself thirdly there increasing, is not not simple it to find time for Self analysis and reflection.

Mentoring is One way the overcoming of these problems. A Mentor is someone, which can advise and lead you into your career. It or they have a number of roles - as an appraiser, advocate, communicating and motivator. Therefore the relationship is different to between a superior and a its/their subordinate one, and it is improbable that a manager can accomplish these functions. A good Mentor has a training of abilities trustworthily, is respected, and is free from the main diversons either within or outside of the job. Select with Obacht!
Without a Mentor reflection is also not always a productive experience. It can be a point like a looking for for piglet - we can spend time thinking, without coming to a summary. It helps naturally if we a structure to our thinking to have. The key questions are:
• What is happening/happened?

• What brought this out?
• To what went well and which did not go well?
• How can the situation be improved?
• What could we learn from the situation, which could affect future activity?
It is recommended that we could ourselves this reflecting evaluation during and on the end of each possible task or on learning we take up to accomplish. One way the suggestion reflecting practice in our working life is to hold a reflecting diary or a machine log book.
Frequently a certain event requires us take a view at us and at our achievement. Such analysis of the critical event should be reported in the machine log book or in the diary. As engineers we form good use of the main accidents and of the losses in our instruction and in learning. However if it comes to personal reflection, we should mach's well, in order to include successes as well as difficulties, so that we hold a balanced recording of our execution.

As well as to to order set a focus for us, in order to reflect itself to professional experiences, has the reflecting diary also a role, if it helps us to evaluate our learning. Some useful questions are: 'Those was attached learning task to our necessities? Was it efficient and did obtain the desired result with the suitable effort? Was it economic? '

Repeating our reflecting diary can make useful information available also. By looking back on our experiences, we can again measure our goals. What did we complete? What should the following steps be? This leads us naturally back to Revisit and updates our professional profile and our plan of action.

And in such a way the process drives…. Away
Institute of the materials, which has minerals and the mining industry these authority within the discipline of the materials implementing and has specified over 100 ranges adapted and develops, in which to technologist authority demonstrate should. However during these useful standards are, should we of the fact remind that professional development is not a product or a result actual it a process.

1: Focus on customer service - describe, how you to increasing customer service and loyalty for the long-term growth of the company contribute.
2: Teamwork and co-operation - emphasize, like you durable conditions to other crews establish and work you jointly, in order to obtain general goals.
3: Opened communications - emphasize your willingness to hear to the new ideas to assume or alternative approximations
4: Intermediate personnel abilities - stress your ability to work with all levels within the organization

The second part of an SWAG analysis is to evaluate data in order to determine whether they determine strengths, weaknesses, opportunities or threats for the organization. This can of the individuals in a group, which results are done independently, which are compared thereafter. Thus to please it is important to notice that any stated circumstances can cause more than one evaluation, and - „as this fact an opportunity as well as a threat can be held? “; „As this obvious strength can fail to be weakness? “; „As, really places this weakness does a strength? “the answers to this and to the similar questions can give new idea of selecting the suitable strategies, which initials。

plan for development agreed to managers, in the consideration individual and business necessities.
Normally the project manager must advise with others and agree the project specification with superiors or with relevant authorities then. The specification can include some drafts with, before it is agreed upon. A project specification is substantial by the fact that it causes a measurable responsibility for everyone, which would like to determine at any time, how the project goes, or its success on completion. Project mandates supply also a substantial discipline and a framework, in order to hold the project rail, and concerned with the original agreed upon goals and the parameters. A correctly formulated and agreed upon project specification protects also the project manager to be forwards held to explain as the expenditures which are outside of the original range of the project or beyond the controlling of the project manager.

This is the stage to agree to of special conditions or of exceptions with those in the authorization. As soon as you published the mandates, you caused a very firm set of expectations, by which you are judged. So, if you have any interests or liked to negotiate again, now the time to do it.

The largest projects can require some weeks, in order to produce project mandates and agree. However some days require and advise most normal business of projects thinking, in order to produce a usable project specification. A project specification to manufacture and agreeing is an important process, even if your task is simple.

- A template for a project specification:
- Describing it purpose, goals and deliverables.
- Condition parameter (synchronizing time marks, budget, distance, range, area, authorization).
- Condition people concerned and the way, which works on the crew (frequency of meetings, of decision-making process).
- Places it „locations of fracture “ago, on which to report and examination-progress and are based to like progress and results.
My dreams, so that the future and the plans form my dreams reality whether they are to be stood, for a business owner and a large Korporation and handles to have a wealthy life, or a manager of an intermediary size company is, which forms a comfortable life. I dream frequently over my future. My dreams bend to have a durable effect on the people and motivate them, in order to exercise their own goals.
At this age more knows information “that” better its answer is to its world. Which improves way to know each other as by one and aspirations dreams. I dream work experience about a wealthy entrepreneur and would like a basis in honours of my family to manufacture, in order to give to minorities an opportunity, to win Self determination and the subtle meaning of the Seins a successful person.

• A broad distance of the proof shows that the participation in learning leads fundamental abilities to improved confidence and increased Self esteem. Over half of the fundamental beginners abilities of the army report that their course increased their confidence. Use for the confidence and Self esteem the beginner is recognized also far by owners by line functions;

• The participation, on, generally to learn connected, is with a number of positive effects on psychological and physical health. In addition individuals with good fundamental abilities enjoy something improved health of results, which are compared with those with low fundamental abilities;
• The participation to learn on has positive effects on some aspects of the social capital, including social obligation and tolerance. Individuals with higher fundamental abilities are also more probable to report on tolerant attitude and to show higher levels of the political obligation;
• Research indicates that there is a process of the intermediate generation transmission of abilities from parents to children. Therefore fundamental abilities improvements under service staff can have positive effects on the cognitive results of their children;
• The fundamental abilities, which learn in the armed services, broader society profits from preparing the service staff to engage itself successfully in the job market on their transition to the civilian life;
• There can be important differences between group instruction of the fundamental abilities and alleineren e-learning, in their effects on social lives expressed and well-being of the service staff. Further comparable research is needed within this range;
• Research suggests the fact that different kinds of the teaching programs of the adult differ individually and social use has. Further work is requested to understand the extent at the proof over the broader use of the adult generally learning in the specific case of fundamental abilities applies, which learn in the armed services;

research of the proof and overviews of the beginners and the teacher mark throughout increased confidence, Self esteem and self effectiveness as under the most important results of the arising learning (e.g., Eldred et al., 2006; Tett et al., 2006; Preston and Hammond, 2002; Schuller et al., 2002). Increased abilities to “speak out” characterized from the beginners as particularly important characteristic of the confidence, that from learning are derived (Eldred, Ward et al. 2006).

The only direct proof over the effect of the fundamental regulation abilities of the armed services on the confidence of the beginners, who are marked in this report, comes from the army-fundamental abilities overview. Half of the army beginners reported that their course had given them confidence. Straight one in nine was other opinion that that had fundamental abilities learning a positive effect on their confidence. Similarly the portion the army beginners, whom on positive effects on confidence report, is the discoveries of a general overview learn direct beginner (2002 learn direct). This suggests that are broad conceptions of the effects of the fundamental abilities of courses on their confidence in agreement with the attitude of the beginners on other similar courses.

Robusterer proof over the use of the adult learning for confidence, Self esteem and self effectiveness can be derived from the longitudinal research, which measures the connection between participation, on to learn and changes in well-being. E.G. used Hammond and Feinstein (2006) the national child development study, in order to investigate changes in well-being among adults, who participated in the training in their thirties. They find this “those, those at the adult, who learning positive transformations in well-being to have, at the optimism, in whom effectiveness (noticed control over important factors) and in self taxpayers participate health” (Hammond and Feinstein 2006). The relationship between the arising learning and well-being is not as strong or extensive as the relationship between flowering at the school and newer well-being. However the positive connections are found to reaching, socio-economic circumstances, qualifications, health and well-being even after adjusting to social and origin, childhood health and - in (you see, 2004 for similar discoveries to Hammond).

One of the key questions for the fundamental programs abilities of the armed services is, as far all possible profits in the confidence over fundamental abilities or over learning into increased confidence in other aspects of the working Anfänger' and the personal lives to translate. It is not possible, this from the beginners festzustellen' for answers to the question over the army-fundamental abilities overview: `Voices you too or are that other opinion: Confidence gave me the fundamental abilities training? 'Is not free you up, which situations and context beginners created their answers to this general question. However the fact strikes that the owners of line functions recognize use of the fundamental abilities learning for confidence and Self esteem forwards that positive effects extend to a certain extent beyond the classroom. In addition seven in 10 beginners tuned that fundamental abilities learning lively them too, in order to take another course (GRP NOP 2006). This suggests that that can increase fundamental abilities learning the confidence of the service staff, in order to engage itself in the further acquisition opportunities.