英國(guó)高等教育dissertation文獻(xiàn)-The UK higher education introduction

The UK higher education introduction

Britain has more than ninety college and universities, 52, all of these schools are awarded to students at home and abroad of high quality and degree certificate.

All UK universities and part of the college are entitled to make award degrees certificate and diploma, the other colleges can be by its affiliated university or college issue related certificate.

College entrance age generally in 18 years or older, do not set upper age limit, sometimes the school allowed under the age of 18 a top student degree course. You have the qualification is accepted or not the key factors, to meet the requirements of qualification perhaps can make you directly into the read the second year, and sometimes even directly into the read the third year degree course.

Secondary education certificate test senior level courses and secondary education certificate exam complement senior level course grades are still the most British university admission requires the admission. But most university and university campus will now national general professional qualification as general secondary education certificate test with senior level course equivalent qualification gives admit. International recognition preparatory course was also university generally accepted.

Also some situation is special, some students, usually after working want to continue your studies of the staff, as long as they are quite academic level, and related work experience, even if not to be formally qualification, may also be admitted to the university or university campus.

If you have never in Britain accept education, then need to check their has received the degree corresponds to the British education under the level to which the qualification. You may already have a general secondary education senior level the same degree, and perhaps already have good education background and can be read from first year in college courses. To know you have the degree of corresponding degree level in the UK, but to the culture of the country committee inquiry. British university and the university campus will tell you, your record of formal schooling is already admitted conditions; If education is low, it will also be told the corresponding requirements.

English level is also affect your admission to the success of the factors. All colleges and universities are according to the applicant to apply for course, to the applicant's English level put forward certain requirements. Therefore, you may need to be in their home country or arrived in England to participate in English ability after test.

If you have not yet reached the existing education directly to college of undergraduate course requirements, the preparatory course or for basic course is the best university entrance way. Continue education college, university and university of this course are to open, the courses are usually need to six months to a year.

Assiduously study degree

-a condition, the British university in three years of undergraduate course study, you can obtain honor a bachelor's degree. Part of the need of overseas study course (such as language course) the time needed for more than three years. Contains a number of the content of the courses are usually practice need four years to complete.#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#

The following is the undergraduate degree programmes for example:

A bachelor of engineering bachelor 9:28 u u u bachelor of law bachelor

In addition to assiduously study degree outside, you can also sign up for national higher education certificate course. Such full-time course for two years commonly, professional technology and business involved. This kind of upon completion of the course, can turn read related degree course, continue to learn a year later, he or she can get the corresponding a bachelor's degree.

The UK higher education course includes professional education course (such as medicine, engineering, or law) and academic research course (such as philosophy, literature and history).

Degree divided into the following several levels:

U u level 2 grade a degree degree 9:28 level 2 b degrees 3 degree degree 9:28 u pass

In Britain the most cost-effective degree. With a bachelor's degree, for example, it is only three years; And a master's degree usually for 12 months. These have extremely compact learning schedule so that you can not only in a relatively short period get a degree, and can promise to accept the high request strictly education. So to study in the UK than in many other countries learn to spend less and save time.

How to the degree course

How should you study English degree course? Degree course teaching methods include: classroom instruction by teachers for undergraduate students, class teaching; Group discussion-student group and the instructor is a subject of study content are discussed in details. This not only for students to understand the rare opportunity to provide teachers and students can make teachers for individual counseling; Individual instruction by teachers, to one to two students' work to lead and review.

Course assessment methods reflect different teaching and learning style. The evaluation of the most commonly used include: written examination in YiYiMei year-end exams or graduation front graduation exam; Comprehensive usage comprehensive usage--written work completion, group discussion in performance, and the end of the exam results; Add written examination paper (general requirement is in professional research scope choose topic); The oral exam-according to take part in a group discussion, and individual counseling to assess performance; With the above all comprehensive evaluation method.

British universities

British university and the university of both in common-the delegated degree are entitled to extremely high reputation, and their unique features-school was established in different century, with various expertise.

The university of old for more than five hundred years history, and the latest university has just was established in September 1996. In a major university mostly founded in the end of last century.

A group was founded in the s the university are usually located in the open country area, campus covers a wide range. This batch of school opened the module unit course, issue the relevant degree.#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#

The latest established a large number of university and university campus was established in 1992. At the time there were 30 have institute of technology was allowed to become a university. These universities of science and technology has founded in the s, mainly for the region to provide education students. They are usually able to provide a variety of professional training courses.

Britain only a private university-buckingham university. The school for the royal charter, and all other British universities have high quality qualification of degree awarded.

Many English college provide remote teaching courses, for those who did not accept continue education in school-age stage of adult higher education of provide accept second chance.

After a bachelor's degree

British graduate course arrangement are dense and compact, so although British graduate school hours and learning material quantity and other countries are basic and same, but its course in the time is much shorter.

Issued by the following four major British graduate certificate:

Education graduate certificate

This is for those who wish to become a British primary and secondary school teachers in the undergraduate course graduate established certificate, not only for professional education of college and set. Such certificate courses usually for a year. Include theory and practice training.

Graduate diploma

This graduate course is usually a nine months of lecture courses, time from October every year to June next year. In this course mainly includes the following objectives: to prepare for further study, or as a master's degree backup select, or for access to a professional qualifications.

Master's degree

Britain has two kinds of different master's degree. A class teaching way of course is mainly master (such as: literary master, master's and engineering), usually 12 months, including class, research and thesis writing/research project design. Another kind is the study master (often known as master of philosophy), takes one to two years to complete, including individual research and of the thesis.

Doctor degree

In Britain, for Ph.D degree need under the guidance of tutor for professional research. Obtain a doctor's degree the shortest need two years, most for seven years, but most people in three or four years to complete.

Scholarships and fellowships

Have a lot of kinds of scholarship is oriented to want to go to study in UK foreign students, one of the most mainly to graduate students. You must be at least a year for the scholarship to the relevant institutions apply for them.

As a graduate student of funded projects mainly provide are:

﹡ British volunteers scholarship-by the British zealot diplomatic and federal affairs department provided. The main issue to those who already had some enterprise foundation personage, aims to assistance for those future decision makers and people think tank.

﹡ commonwealth scholarship and grants program-by the British international development and English culture and federal affairs jointly providing, mainly to the commonwealth twenty-five years old of the following graduate students.#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#

﹡ British international development scholarship program-by the British international development and participate in the plan of British universities to provide, face a graduate student teaching, but must be the major related to development.

﹡ overseas graduate scholarship program-by the British education and JiuYeBu provide, the selection of candidates to academic achievement and the main research potential for standard.

﹡ royal society-the main scholarship to sponsor outstanding scientists to British postdoctoral research.

Study for a master of business administration

Mba are increasingly popular, popularity in improving constantly. The people in the business development for the degree will mora. Many colleges and universities study in the UK the mba students more than half is foreign students.

You want to pursue a master of business administration, not-will have to get the industry and commerce management bachelor's degree, but many colleges requires applicants must possess solid work experience (usually three to five years. Mba courses are usually on different aspects of the industry and commerce management.

Most employers wish to get the industry and commerce management staff is able to master with a global vision, to be able to use the world common language, business to business and management have really thorough knowledge.

Britain has opened more than one hundred colleges and universities mba professional, most of them for full-time one-year course, this means that in an mba degree in Britain than in many other countries fast. But in some colleges and universities, the need of time longer. In addition, students can also through the distance teaching course or workplace learning made this degree, but it takes a long time to complete.

Britain has a variety of mba form and scale. Some colleges and universities on the company training management for the master's degree. Some colleges and universities is about to open a hand mba courses, such as focusing on accounting, or environmental management, or international finance. However these universities and colleges in common is that they allow you to have more opportunities to get generous treatment of the work.

British industry and commerce management master major vigorous development began in the eighty s, and in that decade, graduated from British mba number is the sum total of the rest of Europe. Many businesspeople think and other European countries, Britain's mba pay more attention to practical, not lay particular stress on pure theory.

Main advantage

British private school every year to be admitted to a university students proportion of extremely high.

International recognition preparatory courses can help students to higher education or continue education college for further study.

All British colleges and universities are formulated strict policies and procedures to ensure the delegated course and the certificate of high quality, strict standards.#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#

Most of the UK institutions are foreign students with language help, or provide and what they learn the combination of course language courses, or provide language training course before class.

To study in the UK is very good. Just a year to get a master's degree, and in other countries, takes two years.

British industry and commerce management master's degree in international excellent reputation, and to become a famous international qualifications. Mba association says more than half of the members in the working abroad.

British mba employment in good condition. A recent graduate management association members of industry and commerce (they through the full-time, on-the-job or remote teaching an mba degree) survey indicates that the average annual salary they stronger-than-expected 27 ﹪. Those who study the man with a two-year course full-time best, many of them more than pounds a year, of which half of the human director or senior manager.

Higher education quality assessment system

England, Scotland and wales higher education appropriations committee of this area universities study the quality level is to evaluate, evaluate the results into a category to (fifth highest), and determine what research field in has reached international recognition of excellent standard, which has reached the national recognized standard for approval. Higher education quality security bureau is responsible for assessment of each subject teaching quality.

The inspection quality including:

﹡ course design, the content and the organization

﹡ teaching, learning and assessment system

﹡ students to make progress and results

﹡ to student's help and guidance

﹡ learning material

﹡ quality assurance and strengthen the system

You can ask the local British council offices and study in the UK consultation center to inquire about the colleges and universities in all aspects of the above performance. If you want to go to Britain to do research, you would be relevant departments of higher education research project, appropriations committee assessment results and the research publications and other matters for advice.

The calendar

Generally speaking, the English the school year is divided into three semesters, during Christmas and Easter two big holiday, has a long summer vacation, from late July to early September. Each semester long ten thoughtful around 10-usually middle and primary school education college continuity and a long semester, and the university of short term. In the autumn, usually in more than half semester has ten days or so holiday.

Apply for school year begins in university entrance is always the most easy success, however, primary schools and continue education college to the application for admission is more flexible when.

Some private high school is also known as the "public school", but in fact is a misfit. They actually are not public schools, students should pay cost to go to school. Their names from many centuries ago when the school had been used today.#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#

Go abroad youdao: to study in UK higher education first know English

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http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/09/23 15:09 studied abroad

Let us look to the other side of the world, you will find, is also has a long history, culture deep Britain, the education is to inherit and carry forward the traditional and Sally Jenkins, keep vigor 4 shoot, world education field in the rest more, be behind the United States, for overseas students to study in the holy land, for each year more than 800000 international students in the UK for course! Let us put aside the historical reason and limitations, and to explore the British education to overseas students have extraordinary appeal reason, perhaps can get some enlightenment.

1. The school whether public or private, the government alike, fair competition

The British school system of double track, public schools and private schools coexistence, are affected by the national encouragement and support. There were two British  400 private school, about every 13 school-age children in a private school to 1. Private schools in legislation and related policy without discrimination, no different treatments. The entire education system from the set on look, both equal status, complement each other, equal competition, to promote each other and develop together.

2. Diploma system establishment perfect, meet all kinds of education demand

In Britain, the degree of the system set very scientific and perfect, the students in each education stage all have many choices. The establishment of course close to practice, according to people of different education demand from certificate to set up a series of different levels of degree diploma course, people can be in accordance with the employment needs to be ready to education, it is to reduce the interest and that part by professional education is not in conformity with the Numbers, to broaden the university graduation student's employment road, and not all crowded in the professional looking for work this only on the way.

Britain's campus "no walls", open to the society. University graduation to once and for all people can always learn, charging, job training, or that vocational training. Be worth what carry is, Britain's various diploma and education system can be mutual recognition between, the conversion. Most professional can according to different levels for learning, among them, some of the course for students to pursue a can university degree found. For example, vocational training and higher education can switch. The students to complete the prescribed courses as long as, completed a credit, can achieve diploma "upgrade".

3. The science the heuristic teaching

British study method of history can be traced back to 800 years ago almost, it promotes the world education system establishment, is still is the most successful model. British education is unique in the world, the minibook, cultivate the innumerable outstanding talents, such a very worth our using for reference of the reason for this is that, and we induce cramming method is different, UK students from kindergarten to accept heuristic education, to inspire them to think, not a simple teacher there from the process of one-way accept. This teaching method is scientific and reasonable, can make everyone's potential is developed, enhances strong points and avoid weaknesses, become different function areas of talents, the maximum to avoid the waste of talent, bring benefit to society.#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#

4. Bestow the examination method

UK institutions assessment is very flexible, can take practice, writing articles and interview, etc all kinds of form. The results of the such, one's ability is necessarily comprehensive assessment and rich. In addition, and our 100 points "play different, British test points ABCD four class. For example, from 70-100 points is A, 60-69 is B. In admit of time, the teacher want according to this professional comprehensive investigation and comparison of the student ability, in the entrance examinations have the right to choose. For example, A professional standards are two admitted A 1 B, if you are 100 A, but, if the teacher from other Angle consideration, think that you are A dead students reading words, it is possible to admit 70 points A of the others, and not to you. British teacher have the power. Because the British examination system and we completely different, not focused on three days the examination, but the students at ordinary times the homework, experiment and test three combining peacetime score all accumulated, again make evaluation. So, more can reflect the students' practical ability.

5. Curriculum novel and practical, with the time development synchronization

Another British education remain youthful vitality of the reason is that the British have not only focus on the academic research "brains" type university, and at the same time, there are special for cultivating the "begin" type talents of the university, the two institutions supplement each other, students can according to their interests, abilities, and aspirations, in the university before the decision should apply for which kinds of university. In addition, British open courses and professional unitary resource novel and practical, closely connected with the social needs, so that the students can cultivate out smooth employment, not social cause stress. In addition, British education emphasizes make, because education can't meet the obligations of a person's life all knowledge, we need to constantly charging to just go. Now, Britain every year about 40% of high school graduates to the public or private continue education college.

6. Education industrialization operation clear

British education clear way to industrialization operation. The British government has been the education as a national industries, encourage development. For example, the queen of England each year to issue a queen award, reward those recruiting foreign students most, the most successful university education, or in the most successful overseas education institutions.

7. The certificate and professional certificate combined

British students' exam diploma and he will want to be engaged in occupational certificates combine examination, so that students can obtain professional qualification authentication in already when save money and effort. For example, Britain's a certified public accountant (ABCA), a British the undergraduate course graduate if want to get this from the title of words, can an exemption ABCA all 14 of the class 6-8 course. For other professional also is such. This means that you in the university learn at the same time, for the future of the professional diploma admitted to lay the foundation.#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#

8. University admission flexible

The enrollment of British colleges and universities is very flexible, not only look at student test scores, with students can in other ways of outstanding ability as standard, not as we only know test scores, "one point card dead" (the extremely individual sports film and TV stars, recruit students except). British university to the adult, 21 years old and graduated from high school students admission standards are not the same. For adults, the school can not only relaxed entrance conditions, but also can put his work experience as admit reference standard. For example, if the student experience to the satisfaction of words, even if his diploma can not reach the admission standards, can also be accepted. Also, for overseas students, since most of the British school to recognize the United Kingdom entrance examination is not applicable to education system from different countries foreign students, they admitted to the more flexible.

9. Education quality others have the final say

Britain set up a scientific education quality guarantee system, and provide the student from the service and help, to the teachers quality, British every registered school have to accept the supervision and inspection of the strict government. According to the uniform standards for each course evaluation, results were released, so that the students can clearly understand the same professional all open of the school's teaching quality. Britain's various institutions to accept higher education funding and higher education quality committee committee of the strict supervision. Among them, the higher education funding council for the professional teaching quality to be identified, published report, points out that the advantages and disadvantages of; Higher education quality committee on how to ensure that the school teaching and the quality of certificate, examine the results of the review also published to the society. The two agencies since the 1997 merger of the higher education quality security bureau was established, more efficient.

The British school's quality of teaching is the external examiner for the authentication of the school, the school is not responsible. Even the students' test scores are not separate from school teacher to judgment and pass external examiner authentication. If the examiner think the teacher's score is not reasonable can adjust. After such a management and the authentication system of operation, British each university diploma awarded have been internationally recognized, and, between the university diploma can by each other.

10. Periodically urge, has the crisis consciousness

The British government regularly through the relevant professional committee of the institutions of higher learning teaching quality and research level evaluation, and the school in general and specialized aspect ranking public. Its purpose is to convenient students understand British university, and in this way urged schools self improvement.

#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#

11. Personnel training and employment services

UK institutions in the recruit students, develop, and recommend students employment take a dragon service. They not only the teaching education as own duty, do have learned something, still trying to make students skills to use, on employment to provide better services. First, set up the course in the time closely http://www.mythingswp7.com/dissertation_writing/Education/2012/0229/1070.html combining enterprise, industries and the social from all walks of life needs, make the students training direction and training content, so that makes it easier for students to graduate from the social find suits own position.

It is because of the above many scientific reasonable measures, Britain's education was able to youth and vitality.
英國(guó)高等教育簡(jiǎn)介
英國(guó)有九十多所大學(xué)及五十二所大學(xué)分校，所有這些學(xué)校均可以向海內(nèi)外學(xué)生頒發(fā)高質(zhì)量的學(xué)位和證書(shū)。
英國(guó)所有大學(xué)及部分高等學(xué)院均有權(quán)自行頒發(fā)學(xué)位證書(shū)及畢業(yè)證書(shū)，其他的學(xué)院則可以由其所屬大學(xué)或?qū)W院頒發(fā)有關(guān)證書(shū)。
高等院校入學(xué)年齡一般在十八歲以上，不設(shè)年齡上限，有時(shí)校方允許十八歲以下的優(yōu)等生攻讀本科學(xué)位課程。你已有的學(xué)歷資格是錄取與否的關(guān)鍵因素，符合要求的學(xué)歷資格或許能使你直接入讀第二年，有時(shí)甚至直接入讀第三年的本科學(xué)位課程。
普通中等教育證書(shū)考試高級(jí)水平課程以及普通中等教育證書(shū)考試補(bǔ)充高級(jí)水平課程的成績(jī)目前仍然是大多數(shù)英國(guó)大學(xué)錄取時(shí)要求的入學(xué)資格。但是大多數(shù)大學(xué)和大學(xué)分校現(xiàn)在也將國(guó)家通用職業(yè)資格視為與普通中等教育證書(shū)考試高級(jí)水平課程等同的資格予以承認(rèn)。國(guó)際認(rèn)可預(yù)科課程也被大學(xué)普遍接受。
也有的情況較特殊，某些學(xué)生，通常是參加工作后想繼續(xù)學(xué)業(yè)的人員，只要他們具有相當(dāng)?shù)膶W(xué)業(yè)水平，以及相關(guān)的工作經(jīng)歷，即使未曾獲得正式的學(xué)歷資格，也可能被大學(xué)或大學(xué)分校錄取。
如果你未曾在英國(guó)接受教育，那么便需要核查自己已取得的學(xué)歷相當(dāng)于英國(guó)教育下學(xué)歷資格的哪一級(jí)。你或許已具備普通中等教育高級(jí)水平同等的學(xué)歷，也或許已具備較高學(xué)歷而可免讀大學(xué)第一年的課程。欲知你已有學(xué)歷在英國(guó)的對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)歷等級(jí)，可向所在國(guó)的文化委員會(huì)查詢。英國(guó)大學(xué)及大學(xué)分校會(huì)告訴你，你的學(xué)歷是否已符合錄取條件；如果學(xué)歷偏低，則還會(huì)被告知相應(yīng)要求。
英語(yǔ)水平的高低也是影響你入學(xué)申請(qǐng)成功與否的因素。所有院校均要根據(jù)申請(qǐng)人所申請(qǐng)的課程，對(duì)申請(qǐng)人的英語(yǔ)水平提出一定的要求。因此，你可能需要在本國(guó)或抵達(dá)英國(guó)后參加英語(yǔ)能力測(cè)試。
如果你已有的學(xué)歷尚未達(dá)到直接升入大學(xué)本科的要求，則修讀預(yù)科課程或基礎(chǔ)課程是最佳的大學(xué)入學(xué)途徑。延續(xù)教育學(xué)院、大學(xué)和大學(xué)分校均開(kāi)設(shè)這類課程，課程通常需要六個(gè)月到一年時(shí)間。#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
攻讀學(xué)位
—般情況下，通過(guò)在英國(guó)大學(xué)三年的本科課程學(xué)習(xí)，你可獲得榮譽(yù)學(xué)士學(xué)位。部分需要在海外學(xué)習(xí)的課程(例如語(yǔ)言課程)所需時(shí)間超過(guò)三年。包含大量實(shí)習(xí)內(nèi)容的課程通常需要四年才能完成。
以下是本科學(xué)位課程舉例：
★文學(xué)學(xué)士 ★工程學(xué)學(xué)士 ★法律學(xué)學(xué)士 ★理學(xué)學(xué)士
除攻讀學(xué)位外，你也可以報(bào)讀國(guó)家高等教育證書(shū)課程。此類全日制課程一般為期兩年，專業(yè)涉及科技與商務(wù)。這類課程完成后，可以轉(zhuǎn)讀相關(guān)的學(xué)位課程，繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)一年后，便可取得相應(yīng)學(xué)士學(xué)位。
英國(guó)高等教育課程包括職業(yè)教育課程(如醫(yī)學(xué)、工程學(xué)或法學(xué))與學(xué)術(shù)研究課程(如哲學(xué)、文學(xué)或史學(xué))。
學(xué)位分為以下幾個(gè)等級(jí)：
★一級(jí)學(xué)位 ★二級(jí)甲等學(xué)位 ★二級(jí)乙等學(xué)位 ★三級(jí)學(xué)位 ★及格
在英國(guó)攻讀學(xué)位最為劃算。以學(xué)士學(xué)位為例，通常只需三年；而碩士學(xué)位通常為十二個(gè)月。這些安排得極為緊湊的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間表使你能夠既在較短時(shí)間內(nèi)獲得學(xué)位，又能保證接受高要求的嚴(yán)格教育。所以在英國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)比在許多其它國(guó)家學(xué)習(xí)花費(fèi)要少，也節(jié)省了時(shí)間。
如何攻讀學(xué)位課程
你應(yīng)該如何攻讀英國(guó)的學(xué)位課程？學(xué)位課程的教學(xué)方法包括：課堂授課——由教師為本科生大班授課；分組討論——學(xué)生分組與授課老師就某一科目的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行詳細(xì)討論。這不僅為學(xué)生了解教師提供了難得的機(jī)會(huì)，而且使導(dǎo)師能夠?yàn)閷W(xué)生作個(gè)別輔導(dǎo)；個(gè)別輔導(dǎo)——由導(dǎo)師對(duì)一至兩名學(xué)生的功課進(jìn)行引導(dǎo)和復(fù)習(xí)。
課程考核方法反映出不同的教學(xué)及學(xué)習(xí)方式。最常用的考核方法包括：筆試一一每年的年終考試或畢業(yè)前的畢業(yè)考試；綜合考查——綜合考查書(shū)面essay完成情況、小組討論時(shí)的表現(xiàn)，以及年末考試成績(jī)；筆試加dissertation(一般要求是在專業(yè)研究范圍內(nèi)選擇論題)；口試——根據(jù)參加小組討論，以及個(gè)別輔導(dǎo)時(shí)的表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行評(píng)定；采用上述所有方法進(jìn)行綜合考核。
英國(guó)的高等院校
英國(guó)大學(xué)及大學(xué)分校既有共同點(diǎn)——所授學(xué)位均享有極高聲譽(yù)，又各具特色——學(xué)校成立于不同的世紀(jì)，各具專長(zhǎng)。
老牌大學(xué)的校史長(zhǎng)達(dá)五百多年，而最新的大學(xué)才剛剛成立于1996年9月。位于大城市的大學(xué)大都創(chuàng)建于上個(gè)世紀(jì)末。
一批成立于本世紀(jì)六十年代的大學(xué)通常位于開(kāi)闊的鄉(xiāng)間地帶，校園占地甚廣。這批學(xué)校率先開(kāi)設(shè)了模塊單元課程，頒發(fā)相關(guān)的學(xué)位。
最新成立的一大批大學(xué)和大學(xué)分校成立于1992年。當(dāng)時(shí)共有三十所理工學(xué)院獲準(zhǔn)升格成為大學(xué)。這些理工院校先后創(chuàng)立于六十年代，主要為本地區(qū)學(xué)生提供教育。它們通常能夠提供多種職業(yè)培訓(xùn)課程。#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
英國(guó)只有一所私立大學(xué)——白金漢大學(xué)。該校獲得皇家特許狀，與其他所有英國(guó)高等學(xué)府一樣擁有頒發(fā)高質(zhì)量學(xué)位的資格。
英國(guó)許多高等學(xué)院提供遠(yuǎn)程教學(xué)課程，為那些未在適齡階段接受延續(xù)教育的成年人提供接受高等教育的第二次機(jī)會(huì)。
獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位之后
英國(guó)的研究生課程安排相當(dāng)密集和緊湊，因此盡管英國(guó)研究生學(xué)習(xí)的課時(shí)和學(xué)習(xí)資料數(shù)量與其他國(guó)家相比基本一樣，但它的課程修讀時(shí)間卻要短得多。
英國(guó)頒發(fā)以下四種主要的研究生證書(shū)：
教育學(xué)研究生證書(shū)
這是為那些希望成為英國(guó)中小學(xué)教師的本科畢業(yè)生設(shè)立的證書(shū)，并非只是為教育專業(yè)畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生而設(shè)。此類證書(shū)課程通常為期一年。包括理論和實(shí)踐培訓(xùn)。
研究生文憑
此類研究生課程通常是為期九個(gè)月的授課課程，時(shí)間從每年十月到次年六月。修讀此類課程主要有以下幾個(gè)目的：為繼續(xù)深造做準(zhǔn)備，或作為碩士學(xué)位的后備選擇，或?yàn)楂@取某個(gè)專業(yè)資格。
碩士學(xué)位
英國(guó)有兩類不同的碩士學(xué)位。一類是以授課方式為主的課程碩士(如：文學(xué)碩士、工程碩士等)，通常要十二個(gè)月，包括上課、研究和dissertation撰寫(xiě)／研究項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)。另一類是研究碩士(通常稱為哲學(xué)碩士)，需要一至兩年時(shí)間完成，包括個(gè)人研究和dissertation答辯。
博士學(xué)位
在英國(guó)，攻讀博士學(xué)位需要在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行專業(yè)研究。獲得博士學(xué)位最短需要兩年，最多長(zhǎng)達(dá)七年，但大多數(shù)人在三年或四年完成。
獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金和助學(xué)金
有很多種類的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金是面向想去英國(guó)留學(xué)的外國(guó)留學(xué)生的，其中的大多數(shù)主要面向研究生。你須至少提前一年向頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)提出申請(qǐng)。
為研究生提供的主要資助項(xiàng)目有：
﹡英國(guó)志奮領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金——由英國(guó)外交與聯(lián)邦事務(wù)部提供。主要頒發(fā)給那些已有一定事業(yè)基礎(chǔ)的人士，旨在資助那些未來(lái)的決策者和智囊人士。
﹡英聯(lián)邦獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金與助學(xué)金計(jì)劃——由英國(guó)國(guó)際發(fā)展部和英國(guó)文化與聯(lián)邦事務(wù)部共同提供，主要面向英聯(lián)邦二十五歲以下的研究生。
﹡英國(guó)國(guó)際發(fā)展部獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金計(jì)劃——由英國(guó)國(guó)際發(fā)展部與參加該計(jì)劃的英國(guó)大學(xué)共同提供，面向攻讀授課研究生的學(xué)生，但所學(xué)專業(yè)須與發(fā)展有關(guān)。
﹡海外研究生獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金項(xiàng)目——由英國(guó)教育與就業(yè)部提供，對(duì)候選人的選拔主要以學(xué)術(shù)成績(jī)和研究潛力為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
﹡皇家學(xué)會(huì)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金——主要用以資助優(yōu)秀科學(xué)家到英國(guó)從事博士后研究。
攻讀工商管理碩士
工商管理碩士目前正日益受到歡迎，聲望也不斷在提高。在商界發(fā)展的人士獲得這一學(xué)位必將如虎添翼。在英國(guó)的許多院校攻讀工商管理碩士的學(xué)生過(guò)半數(shù)是外國(guó)留學(xué)生。#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
你要攻讀工商管理碩士，并不—定要先取得工商管理的學(xué)士學(xué)位，但許多院校要求申請(qǐng)人必須具備扎實(shí)的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)(通常為三到五年)。工商管理碩士課程設(shè)置通常分別側(cè)重工商管理的不同方面。
多數(shù)雇主希望獲得工商管理碩士的人員能夠具有全球眼光、能夠使用世界通用的商務(wù)語(yǔ)言、對(duì)商務(wù)和管理有真正透徹的認(rèn)識(shí)。
英國(guó)有一百多所院校開(kāi)設(shè)工商管理碩士專業(yè)，其中多數(shù)為全日制一年制課程，這意味著在英國(guó)取得工商管理碩士學(xué)位要比在其他許多國(guó)家快。但是在有的院校，需要的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)些。另外，學(xué)生還可以通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)程教學(xué)課程或在職學(xué)習(xí)取得此學(xué)位，但需要較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間才能完成。
英國(guó)的工商管理碩士具有多種形式和規(guī)模。有的院校集中為公司培養(yǎng)工商管理碩士。有的院校則側(cè)重某一方面開(kāi)設(shè)工商管理碩士課程，例如可側(cè)重會(huì)計(jì)，或環(huán)境管理，或國(guó)際金融等。然而這些院校的共同之處便是它們使你有更多機(jī)會(huì)獲得待遇優(yōu)厚的工作。
英國(guó)工商管理碩士專業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展始于本世紀(jì)八十年代，就在那十年中，從英國(guó)畢業(yè)的工商管理碩士人數(shù)是歐洲其他地方的總和。許多實(shí)業(yè)家認(rèn)為與其他歐洲國(guó)家相比，英國(guó)的工商管理碩士課程更注重實(shí)際，不偏重純理論的研究。
主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)
英國(guó)私立學(xué)校每年能被大學(xué)錄取的學(xué)生的比例極高。
國(guó)際認(rèn)可預(yù)科課程可幫助學(xué)生升入高等教育或延續(xù)教育院校深造。
所有英國(guó)院校均制定了嚴(yán)格的政策和程序，旨在確保所授課程及證書(shū)的高質(zhì)量、嚴(yán)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
大部分英國(guó)院校均為外國(guó)學(xué)生提供語(yǔ)言幫助，或提供和他們所學(xué)課程相結(jié)合的語(yǔ)言課程，或是提供課前語(yǔ)言培訓(xùn)課程。
在英國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)極為劃算。只需一年即可獲得碩士學(xué)位，而在其他國(guó)家，需要兩年時(shí)間。
英國(guó)工商管理碩士學(xué)位在國(guó)際上的聲譽(yù)鵲起，并且逐漸成為國(guó)際知名的學(xué)歷。工商管理碩士協(xié)會(huì)稱半數(shù)以上的成員在國(guó)外工作。
英國(guó)工商管理碩士的就業(yè)狀況良好。最近一項(xiàng)對(duì)工商管理碩士協(xié)會(huì)成員(他們通過(guò)全日制、在職或遠(yuǎn)程教學(xué)取得工商管理碩士學(xué)位)的調(diào)查表明，他們的年薪平均增幅達(dá)27﹪。那些學(xué)習(xí)全日制兩年制課程的人情況最好，他們中的許多人年薪逾十萬(wàn)英鎊，其中半數(shù)的人為董事或高級(jí)經(jīng)理。
高等教育質(zhì)量考核制度
英格蘭、蘇格蘭及威爾士的高等教育撥款委員會(huì)對(duì)本地區(qū)的高等院校進(jìn)行系級(jí)研究質(zhì)量考核評(píng)估，評(píng)估結(jié)果分為一到五級(jí)(五級(jí)為最高)，并確定在哪些研究領(lǐng)域已達(dá)到國(guó)際認(rèn)可的優(yōu)秀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，哪些則已達(dá)到國(guó)家認(rèn)可的標(biāo)淮。高等教育質(zhì)量保障局則負(fù)責(zé)考核各個(gè)學(xué)科的教學(xué)質(zhì)量。
考核質(zhì)量包括：
﹡課程設(shè)計(jì)、內(nèi)容和組織#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
﹡授課、學(xué)習(xí)和考核制度
﹡學(xué)生取得的進(jìn)步和成果
﹡對(duì)學(xué)生的幫助和指導(dǎo)
﹡學(xué)習(xí)資料
﹡質(zhì)量保證和加強(qiáng)制度
你可以向本地的英國(guó)文化委員會(huì)辦事處及留學(xué)英國(guó)咨詢中心查詢有關(guān)院校在以上各方面的表現(xiàn)。若你想前往英國(guó)做研究，你可就有關(guān)院系的研究項(xiàng)目、高等教育撥款委員會(huì)考核成績(jī)及研究成果出版等事宜進(jìn)行咨詢。
學(xué)年安排
大體說(shuō)來(lái)，英國(guó)一學(xué)年分為三個(gè)學(xué)期，期間有圣誕節(jié)和復(fù)活節(jié)兩大假期，暑假頗長(zhǎng)，從七月下旬到九月上旬。每個(gè)學(xué)期長(zhǎng)十周到十四周——通常中小學(xué)和延續(xù)教育學(xué)院的學(xué)期較長(zhǎng)，而大學(xué)的學(xué)期較短。在秋季，通常在學(xué)期過(guò)半時(shí)有十天左右的假期。
申請(qǐng)?jiān)诖髮W(xué)學(xué)年開(kāi)始時(shí)入學(xué)總是最易成功的，然而中小學(xué)和延續(xù)教育學(xué)院對(duì)申請(qǐng)何時(shí)入學(xué)則較為靈活。
有的私立中學(xué)也稱為“公立學(xué)校”，但其實(shí)是名不副實(shí)。它們實(shí)際上根本不是公立學(xué)校，學(xué)生需繳費(fèi)上學(xué)。它們的校名從多個(gè)世紀(jì)以前建校時(shí)起一直沿用至今。

出國(guó)有道：到英國(guó)留學(xué)先認(rèn)識(shí)英國(guó)高等教育
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http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/09/23 15:09 海外求學(xué)

　　讓我們把目光投向地球的另一端，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，同樣是歷史悠久、文化底蘊(yùn)深厚的英國(guó)，其教育卻能夠在繼承和發(fā)揚(yáng)傳統(tǒng)的同時(shí)不固步自封，保持活力四射，在世界教育領(lǐng)域獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷，成為僅次于美國(guó)、為海外學(xué)生所向往的留學(xué)圣地——每年有超過(guò)80萬(wàn)名留學(xué)生在英國(guó)攻讀課程！讓我們拋開(kāi)歷史的原因和局限，探求一下英國(guó)教育對(duì)海外學(xué)生具有超乎尋常的吸引力的原因，或許能夠從中得到一些啟迪。

　　1.學(xué)校無(wú)論公私，政府一視同仁，公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)
　　英國(guó)學(xué)校體系實(shí)行雙軌制，公立學(xué)校和私立學(xué)校共存，都受國(guó)家的鼓勵(lì)和支持。英國(guó)共有2400所私立學(xué)校，大約每13個(gè)學(xué)齡兒童中就有1個(gè)進(jìn)入私立學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。私立學(xué)校在立法和相關(guān)政策上不受歧視，沒(méi)有差別對(duì)待。從整個(gè)教育體系的設(shè)定上看，兩者地位平等，相互補(bǔ)充，平等競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，相互促進(jìn)，共同發(fā)展。
　　2.文憑體系設(shè)置完善，滿足各種教育需求
　　在英國(guó)，文憑體系的設(shè)置非常科學(xué)和完善，學(xué)生在每個(gè)教育階段均有多種選擇。課程的設(shè)立緊密聯(lián)系實(shí)際，根據(jù)人們對(duì)不同的教育需求設(shè)置了從證書(shū)到學(xué)位的一系列不同層次的文憑課程，人們可以按照就業(yè)的需要隨時(shí)接受教育，這就減少了那部分興趣愛(ài)好與所受專業(yè)教育不符合的人數(shù)，拓寬了高校畢業(yè)學(xué)生的就業(yè)之路，而不是都擁擠在按專業(yè)找工作這條唯一的途徑上。
　　英國(guó)的校園“沒(méi)有圍墻”，向社會(huì)敞開(kāi)。大學(xué)畢業(yè)也不等于一勞永逸，人們可以隨時(shí)就學(xué)、充電，進(jìn)行就業(yè)培訓(xùn)，或者叫職業(yè)培訓(xùn)。值得一提的是，英國(guó)的各種文憑和教育體系之間可以相互認(rèn)可、轉(zhuǎn)換。多數(shù)專業(yè)可以按不同層次進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)，其中，有些課程可以為學(xué)生繼續(xù)攻讀大學(xué)學(xué)位打基礎(chǔ)。比如，職業(yè)培訓(xùn)和高等教育就可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。學(xué)生只要繼續(xù)完成規(guī)定的課程，修滿相當(dāng)?shù)膶W(xué)分，就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)文憑“升級(jí)”。#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
　　3.采用科學(xué)的啟發(fā)式教學(xué)
　　英式學(xué)習(xí)方法的歷史幾乎可以追溯到800年前，它促進(jìn)了世界各國(guó)教育制度的建立，至今依然是最為成功的典范。英國(guó)教育之所以在世界獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟，歷久不衰，培養(yǎng)出了無(wú)數(shù)杰出人才，其中一個(gè)非常值得我們借鑒的原因就是，和我們的填鴨式教學(xué)方法不同，英國(guó)的學(xué)生從幼兒開(kāi)始就接受啟發(fā)式教育，啟發(fā)他們主動(dòng)思考，而不是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的從老師那里單向接受的過(guò)程。這種教學(xué)方法科學(xué)、合理，可以使每個(gè)人的潛質(zhì)得到開(kāi)發(fā)，揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)避短，成為不同功用領(lǐng)域的人才，在最大程度上避免了人才浪費(fèi)，為社會(huì)造福。
　　4.不拘一格的考試方法
　　英國(guó)院校的考核非常靈活，可以采取實(shí)習(xí)、寫(xiě)文章和面試等各種形式進(jìn)行。這樣取得的結(jié)果，對(duì)一個(gè)人能力的考核必然是全面和豐富的。另外，和我們的100分打分制不同，英國(guó)考試分ABCD四個(gè)檔次。例如，從70-100分是A，60-69是B。在錄取的時(shí)候，老師要根據(jù)本專業(yè)綜合考察和比較學(xué)生的能力，在錄取的時(shí)候有權(quán)選擇。比方說(shuō)，某專業(yè)錄取的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是2個(gè)A 1個(gè)B，如果你是100分的A，但是，如果老師從其他角度考慮，認(rèn)為你是一個(gè)死讀書(shū)的學(xué)生的話，就有可能錄取別人70分的A，而不一定要你。英國(guó)的老師就有這個(gè)權(quán)力。因?yàn)橛?guó)的考試體系和我們完全不同，不是集中在3天考完，而是把學(xué)生平時(shí)的essay、實(shí)驗(yàn)和考試三者相結(jié)合，把平時(shí)的分?jǐn)?shù)全部積累起來(lái)，再作出評(píng)定。所以，更能夠體現(xiàn)學(xué)生的實(shí)際能力。
　　5.課程設(shè)置新穎實(shí)用，與時(shí)代發(fā)展同步
　　另一個(gè)使英國(guó)教育保持青春活力的原因是，英國(guó)不僅有重點(diǎn)從事學(xué)術(shù)研究的“動(dòng)腦型”大學(xué)，同時(shí)，還有專門(mén)為社會(huì)培養(yǎng)“動(dòng)手型”人才的大學(xué)，這兩種院校相輔相成，學(xué)生可以根據(jù)自己的興趣、能力和志向，在入大學(xué)校門(mén)之前就決定應(yīng)該申請(qǐng)哪個(gè)種類的大學(xué)。另外，英國(guó)院校所開(kāi)設(shè)的課程和專業(yè)新穎實(shí)用，緊密聯(lián)系社會(huì)需要，這樣，培養(yǎng)出來(lái)的學(xué)生可以順利就業(yè)，不會(huì)給社會(huì)造成壓力。另外，英國(guó)的教育強(qiáng)調(diào)終身制，因?yàn)榱x務(wù)教育無(wú)法滿足人一生中的全部知識(shí)，需要不斷充電才行。現(xiàn)在，英國(guó)每年有大約40%的中學(xué)畢業(yè)生進(jìn)入公立或私立繼續(xù)教育學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。
　　6.教育產(chǎn)業(yè)化運(yùn)作明確
　　英國(guó)的教育明確以產(chǎn)業(yè)化方式運(yùn)作。英國(guó)政府一直把教育當(dāng)成國(guó)家的一個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)，鼓勵(lì)發(fā)展。比如，英國(guó)女王每年都要頒發(fā)一次女王獎(jiǎng)，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)那些招收海外學(xué)生最多、教育最成功的大學(xué)，或者在海外辦學(xué)最成功的院校。
　　7.文憑考試與職業(yè)證書(shū)考試相結(jié)合
　　英國(guó)把學(xué)生的文憑考試和他將來(lái)所要從事的職業(yè)證書(shū)考試相結(jié)合，可以使學(xué)生在獲得職業(yè)資格認(rèn)證的時(shí)候既省錢又省力。比如，英國(guó)的注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師(ABCA)，一個(gè)英國(guó)的本科畢業(yè)生如果想要獲得這個(gè)從業(yè)職稱的話，就可以免試ABCA全部14門(mén)課中的6-8門(mén)課程。對(duì)于其他專業(yè)也是如此。這就是說(shuō)，你在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的同時(shí)，就為將來(lái)職業(yè)文憑的考取打下了基礎(chǔ)。#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
　　8.大學(xué)錄取靈活
　　英國(guó)院校的招生非常靈活，不僅僅看學(xué)生的考試分?jǐn)?shù)，還可以以學(xué)生在其他方面突出的能力作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，不像我們只認(rèn)考試成績(jī)，“1分卡死人”(極個(gè)別的體育影視明星等特招生除外)。英國(guó)大學(xué)對(duì)成年、21歲以上的人和高中畢業(yè)學(xué)生的錄取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是不一樣的。對(duì)成年人，學(xué)校不僅可以放寬入學(xué)條件，還可以把他的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)作為錄取的參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。比如，如果該生的相關(guān)工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)令校方滿意的話，即使他的文憑達(dá)不到錄取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，也可以被錄取。同樣，對(duì)于海外學(xué)生，由于大多數(shù)的英國(guó)學(xué)校認(rèn)識(shí)到英國(guó)的統(tǒng)一入學(xué)考試并不適用于來(lái)自不同教育體制國(guó)家的外國(guó)學(xué)生，對(duì)他們的錄取更加靈活。
　　9.教育質(zhì)量別人說(shuō)了算
　　英國(guó)設(shè)立有一個(gè)科學(xué)的教育質(zhì)量保障體系，從提供給學(xué)生的服務(wù)與幫助，到教師隊(duì)伍素質(zhì)，英國(guó)的每一所注冊(cè)的學(xué)校都要接受政府嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)督檢查。按照統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)每門(mén)課程評(píng)估，結(jié)果公布，使學(xué)生可以清楚了解開(kāi)設(shè)相同專業(yè)的所有學(xué)校的教學(xué)質(zhì)量情況。英國(guó)的各個(gè)院校要接受高等教育撥款委員會(huì)和高等教育質(zhì)量委員會(huì)的嚴(yán)格監(jiān)督。其中，高等教育撥款委員會(huì)對(duì)專業(yè)的教學(xué)質(zhì)量予以鑒定，發(fā)表報(bào)告，指出長(zhǎng)處和不足；高等教育質(zhì)量委員會(huì)就學(xué)校如何保證授課和證書(shū)質(zhì)量進(jìn)行審查，審查結(jié)果亦向社會(huì)公開(kāi)發(fā)表。這兩家機(jī)構(gòu)自1997年合并成立了高等教育質(zhì)量保障局，效率更高了。
　　英國(guó)學(xué)校的教學(xué)質(zhì)量是由學(xué)校外部考官進(jìn)行認(rèn)證的，不是學(xué)校自己說(shuō)了算。甚至連學(xué)生的考分也不是單獨(dú)由學(xué)校的老師來(lái)評(píng)判的，還要經(jīng)過(guò)外部考官的認(rèn)證。如果考官認(rèn)為老師的評(píng)分不合理就可以進(jìn)行調(diào)整。經(jīng)過(guò)這樣一個(gè)管理和認(rèn)證體系的運(yùn)作，英國(guó)每一所大學(xué)頒發(fā)的文憑都得到了國(guó)際公認(rèn)，而且，大學(xué)之間的文憑可以互相認(rèn)可。
　　10.定期督促，具有危機(jī)意識(shí)
　　英國(guó)政府定期通過(guò)相關(guān)的專業(yè)委員會(huì)，對(duì)高等院校的教學(xué)質(zhì)量和科研水平進(jìn)行評(píng)估，并把學(xué)校在總體和專業(yè)方面的排名公布于眾。其目的在于方便學(xué)生了解英國(guó)的大學(xué)，并且通過(guò)這種方式督促學(xué)校自我完善和改進(jìn)。
　　11.人才培養(yǎng)和就業(yè)一條龍服務(wù)
　　英國(guó)院校在招生、培養(yǎng)和推薦學(xué)生就業(yè)方面采取一條龍服務(wù)。他們不只是把教學(xué)育人作為己任，做到學(xué)有所成，還努力讓學(xué)生學(xué)有所用，在就業(yè)方面提供完善的服務(wù)。首先，在設(shè)置課程的時(shí)候密切結(jié)合企業(yè)、產(chǎn)業(yè)和社會(huì)各界的需要，確定學(xué)生的培養(yǎng)方向和培養(yǎng)內(nèi)容，這樣畢業(yè)出來(lái)的學(xué)生很容易在社會(huì)找到適合自己的位置。
　　正是由于實(shí)行了以上諸多科學(xué)合理的措施，英國(guó)的教育才得以青春永駐，充滿活力。

 #p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#