留學計算機dissertation：計算機數控系統中電動折彎機的設計分析
08-03, 2013
Computer numerical control systems (Computer Numerical Control, CNC) is controlled by computer processing, digital control system, which consists of hardware and software components, with the versatility, high reliability, feature-rich, mechatronics, etc., to achieve control, interpolation, feed and other basic functions and compensation, image editing and display options. Currently has interoperability, portability, etc. secondary development of open CNC system is an advanced manufacturing technology is an important research fields.
計算機數控系統(Computer Numerical Control，CNC)是用計算機控制加工過程，實現數字控制的系統，其由硬件和軟件組成，具有通用性強、可靠性高、功能豐富、機電一體化等特點，能實現控制、插補、進給等基本功能及補償、圖形編輯和顯示等選擇功能。目前具有可互操作性、可移植性、可二次開發性等優點的開放式數控系統是先進制造技術的重要研究領域。
1. The role of electric bending machine
1．電動折彎機的作用分析
Bending sheet metal manufacturing and processing machine plays a very important role. Bending machine is used to manufacture large size, shape accuracy are higher, relatively large bending radius of curvature becomes profiles, sheet metal bending molding has developed into an important industry technology carrier. Therefore, the bending machine control system research is constantly evolving. Currently in the domestic hydraulic type CNC bending machine occupy absolute advantage, but it and all hydraulic systems, are easy to pollute the environment, the hydraulic cylinder slow response, low productivity, the structure is more complex, higher maintenance costs and other shortcomings, and Since the last century since the eighties no significant technical improvements. Based on direct drive servo motor CNC bending machine technology is an emerging technology. There is a PC-based open CNC bending machine is designed based on the location of the control card CPLD to implement digital - Pulse servo interface and other I / O interface feature, but the material is bent by the hydraulic system to achieve complete.
折彎機在鈑金制造加工中起著十分重要的作用。折彎機是用于制造尺寸大、外形準確度要求較高，相對彎曲半徑大的變曲率型材，已發展成為板料折彎成型行業的重要技術載體。因此，對折彎機控制系統的研究也在不斷發展中。目前在國內液壓型折彎機數控系統占據著絕對的優勢，但其和所有的液壓系統一樣，具有易污染環境、液壓缸響應慢、生產效率低、結構較為復雜、維修成本較高等缺點，且自上世紀八十年代以來再無重大技術改進。基于伺服電機直接驅動的折彎機數控技術則是一門新興的技術。還有一種基于PC機的開放式折彎機數控系統，設計了基于CPLD的位置控制卡來實現數字-脈沖伺服接口和其他I／O接口功能，但對材料的折彎實現是由液壓系統來完成。
This paper presents a PC-based open-electric bending machine CNC system, which uses servo motor direct drive slider, the slider control on both ends of the parallel structure of synchronous mode, meanwhile, it uses a PC-based motion control interfaces boards, servo system hardware architecture and real-time Linux operating systems, professional CNC software EMC2 software architecture. Experiments show that the system is low cost and high reliability; bend in the material on, X-axis and Y-axis positioning accuracy can be well positioned to meet the practical requirements of industry.
本文提出一種基于PC機的開放式電動折彎機數控系統，它采用伺服電機直接驅動滑塊，在滑塊兩端的同步控制上采用并行結構方式，同時，它采用基于PC機、運動控制接口板卡、伺服系統的硬件結構和實時Linux操作系統、專業數控軟件EMC2的軟件結構。實驗證明，該系統具有成本低、可靠性高等優點；在對材料的折彎上，X軸和Y軸的定位精度都能很好地滿足工業實際要求。
2. Electric bending machine CNC system design http://www.mythingswp7.com/jsjwl/
The system hardware consists of a PC, motion control interface board, servo drives, servo motors and feedback devices composed of five parts. PC, the whole system management functions, the choice of operating system software as a platform for RTLinux by EMC2 CNC software for system man-machine interface and task allocation, real-time display position of each axis data and various status information, and through this interface to Motion control board to send control commands to drive the servo system to achieve control in sheet metal bending.
Motion control interface board master chip FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array, a field programmable gate array), the board via the PCI bus is connected with the PC, the PC hair down while receiving a command, the other real-time feedback to the PC position of each axis data and system status information. Fed back to the grating with a given axis position information to compare the location information, to achieve closed-loop control system, the position, and then through the servo interface to constantly adjust the displacement of each axis, so as to ensure the implementation of control precision bending. Servo drives and servo motors to achieve the X-axis backgauge plate, Y-axis slider drive, servo motor encoder comes with closed-loop control of the motor speed; grating as a feedback device, the y-axis slider position data in real time feedback with motion control interface board for processing, constitute the slider position closed-loop control system. 3. Profile bending machine works
Bending machine main achieve free movement in both directions, respectively, the horizontal movement of backgauge (i.e., controlled by the servo motor in this article the X-axis) and the vertical movement of the slider (i.e., controlled by the servo motor in this article Y- axis movement). The use of a common mold, by controlling the X-axis and Y-axis position, can be folded into a variety of shapes of parts. Specific implementation process: after the first move to a blocking plate to determine the location of the workpiece bend limiting side bending and bending position, the slider according to the desired bending angle down to a certain depth under the bending mold, and then return Repeat the process until the finished workpiece bending.
CNC bending machine advantage is largely determined by its control accuracy, mainly reflected in the slider on both ends of the synchronization issues. Based on the servo motor direct drive electric bending machine synchronization control on both ends of the slider, the general structure and the use of master-slave parallel structure in two ways. As way of parallel structures are not prone to accumulate positioning errors, but also less prone to resonance phenomena, makes the system has strong anti-interference ability. Since the system is designed to bend power system, a long slide beam, in order to effectively prevent the slide beam in a downward bowing when bending force and to improve the parallelism of the slider, so that better control precision bending, using the three support columns and three servo motors driven by slide bending, were placed in the left slider (Y1-axis), the end (Y2-axis) and right (Y3 axis), wherein, Y1 and Y2 axes mainly from mutual, Y2 and Y3 axis also from each other mainly. Three servo motors to obtain the same location at the same instruction coordinated synchronized movement, so as not to slide down tilt caused by bending accuracy even mechanical damage. This is different from the general CNC bending machine CNC differences and difficulties. To ensure the position error at any time axis are controlled in a predetermined range, in order to achieve synchronized movement of the slider.
4. Conclusion
Electric bending machine bending machine is the development trend, and open CNC system is the main direction of the development of numerical control system, to combine the two, can not only overcome the traditional shortcomings inherent hydraulic bending machine, and can reduce the system well costs, the system has a higher cost. This design of open-high-power electric bending machine CNC system, using PC, interface board and servo motion control system structure, the Y-axis parallel structure way, using == servo motor to drive the slider joint The campaign to make the system more stable, more accurate control, but also openness, hardware and software-rich, portability, ease of human-computer interaction. Experiments, the system in the X-axis and Y-axis positioning accuracy are good to meet the actual requirements of the industry. On the other hand, the system needs to be further improved GUI, a GUI with more simple and beautiful; adopt more cost-effective equipment to improve the system of feedback data processing power, you can further reduce system cost and improve the control precision bending, which is expected in the next study phase implementation.
計算機數控系統(Computer Numerical Control，CNC)是用計算機控制加工過程，實現數字控制的系統，其由硬件和軟件組成，具有通用性強、可靠性高、功能豐富、機電一體化等特點，能實現控制、插補、進給等基本功能及補償、圖形編輯和顯示等選擇功能。目前具有可互操作性、可移植性、可二次開發性等優點的開放式數控系統是先進制造技術的重要研究領域。
1. The role of electric bending machine
1．電動折彎機的作用分析
Bending sheet metal manufacturing and processing machine plays a very important role. Bending machine is used to manufacture large size, shape accuracy are higher, relatively large bending radius of curvature becomes profiles, sheet metal bending molding has developed into an important industry technology carrier. Therefore, the bending machine control system research is constantly evolving. Currently in the domestic hydraulic type CNC bending machine occupy absolute advantage, but it and all hydraulic systems, are easy to pollute the environment, the hydraulic cylinder slow response, low productivity, the structure is more complex, higher maintenance costs and other shortcomings, and Since the last century since the eighties no significant technical improvements. Based on direct drive servo motor CNC bending machine technology is an emerging technology. There is a PC-based open CNC bending machine is designed based on the location of the control card CPLD to implement digital - Pulse servo interface and other I / O interface feature, but the material is bent by the hydraulic system to achieve complete.
折彎機在鈑金制造加工中起著十分重要的作用。折彎機是用于制造尺寸大、外形準確度要求較高，相對彎曲半徑大的變曲率型材，已發展成為板料折彎成型行業的重要技術載體。因此，對折彎機控制系統的研究也在不斷發展中。目前在國內液壓型折彎機數控系統占據著絕對的優勢，但其和所有的液壓系統一樣，具有易污染環境、液壓缸響應慢、生產效率低、結構較為復雜、維修成本較高等缺點，且自上世紀八十年代以來再無重大技術改進。基于伺服電機直接驅動的折彎機數控技術則是一門新興的技術。還有一種基于PC機的開放式折彎機數控系統，設計了基于CPLD的位置控制卡來實現數字-脈沖伺服接口和其他I／O接口功能，但對材料的折彎實現是由液壓系統來完成。
This paper presents a PC-based open-electric bending machine CNC system, which uses servo motor direct drive slider, the slider control on both ends of the parallel structure of synchronous mode, meanwhile, it uses a PC-based motion control interfaces boards, servo system hardware architecture and real-time Linux operating systems, professional CNC software EMC2 software architecture. Experiments show that the system is low cost and high reliability; bend in the material on, X-axis and Y-axis positioning accuracy can be well positioned to meet the practical requirements of industry.
本文提出一種基于PC機的開放式電動折彎機數控系統，它采用伺服電機直接驅動滑塊，在滑塊兩端的同步控制上采用并行結構方式，同時，它采用基于PC機、運動控制接口板卡、伺服系統的硬件結構和實時Linux操作系統、專業數控軟件EMC2的軟件結構。實驗證明，該系統具有成本低、可靠性高等優點；在對材料的折彎上，X軸和Y軸的定位精度都能很好地滿足工業實際要求。
2. Electric bending machine CNC system design http://www.mythingswp7.com/jsjwl/
The system hardware consists of a PC, motion control interface board, servo drives, servo motors and feedback devices composed of five parts. PC, the whole system management functions, the choice of operating system software as a platform for RTLinux by EMC2 CNC software for system man-machine interface and task allocation, real-time display position of each axis data and various status information, and through this interface to Motion control board to send control commands to drive the servo system to achieve control in sheet metal bending.
Motion control interface board master chip FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array, a field programmable gate array), the board via the PCI bus is connected with the PC, the PC hair down while receiving a command, the other real-time feedback to the PC position of each axis data and system status information. Fed back to the grating with a given axis position information to compare the location information, to achieve closed-loop control system, the position, and then through the servo interface to constantly adjust the displacement of each axis, so as to ensure the implementation of control precision bending. Servo drives and servo motors to achieve the X-axis backgauge plate, Y-axis slider drive, servo motor encoder comes with closed-loop control of the motor speed; grating as a feedback device, the y-axis slider position data in real time feedback with motion control interface board for processing, constitute the slider position closed-loop control system. 3. Profile bending machine works
Bending machine main achieve free movement in both directions, respectively, the horizontal movement of backgauge (i.e., controlled by the servo motor in this article the X-axis) and the vertical movement of the slider (i.e., controlled by the servo motor in this article Y- axis movement). The use of a common mold, by controlling the X-axis and Y-axis position, can be folded into a variety of shapes of parts. Specific implementation process: after the first move to a blocking plate to determine the location of the workpiece bend limiting side bending and bending position, the slider according to the desired bending angle down to a certain depth under the bending mold, and then return Repeat the process until the finished workpiece bending.
CNC bending machine advantage is largely determined by its control accuracy, mainly reflected in the slider on both ends of the synchronization issues. Based on the servo motor direct drive electric bending machine synchronization control on both ends of the slider, the general structure and the use of master-slave parallel structure in two ways. As way of parallel structures are not prone to accumulate positioning errors, but also less prone to resonance phenomena, makes the system has strong anti-interference ability. Since the system is designed to bend power system, a long slide beam, in order to effectively prevent the slide beam in a downward bowing when bending force and to improve the parallelism of the slider, so that better control precision bending, using the three support columns and three servo motors driven by slide bending, were placed in the left slider (Y1-axis), the end (Y2-axis) and right (Y3 axis), wherein, Y1 and Y2 axes mainly from mutual, Y2 and Y3 axis also from each other mainly. Three servo motors to obtain the same location at the same instruction coordinated synchronized movement, so as not to slide down tilt caused by bending accuracy even mechanical damage. This is different from the general CNC bending machine CNC differences and difficulties. To ensure the position error at any time axis are controlled in a predetermined range, in order to achieve synchronized movement of the slider.
4. Conclusion
Electric bending machine bending machine is the development trend, and open CNC system is the main direction of the development of numerical control system, to combine the two, can not only overcome the traditional shortcomings inherent hydraulic bending machine, and can reduce the system well costs, the system has a higher cost. This design of open-high-power electric bending machine CNC system, using PC, interface board and servo motion control system structure, the Y-axis parallel structure way, using == servo motor to drive the slider joint The campaign to make the system more stable, more accurate control, but also openness, hardware and software-rich, portability, ease of human-computer interaction. Experiments, the system in the X-axis and Y-axis positioning accuracy are good to meet the actual requirements of the industry. On the other hand, the system needs to be further improved GUI, a GUI with more simple and beautiful; adopt more cost-effective equipment to improve the system of feedback data processing power, you can further reduce system cost and improve the control precision bending, which is expected in the next study phase implementation.
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