失業保險制度研究thesis：Unemployment insurance system research

失業問題是影響我國經濟發展和社會穩定的重要問題。在過去傳統的計劃經濟體制下，表現上看似是“零失業”， 實質上其真實狀態是“低工資，高就業”的“隱性失業”，尤其在實行改革開放和建立市場經濟制度以后，失業問題成為一種普遍的社會現象。建立失業保險制度無疑是有利于緩解此問題的決策之一，因此，我國建立了相應的失業保險制度。但是，從目前的狀況看來，中國的失業保險制度仍然存在著一定不足。所以，建立和完善失業保險制度在經濟迅猛發展的今天顯得尤為重要。而如何建立和完善失業保險制度也是目前我國亟需解決的問題。以失業保險制度的歷史沿革、現狀、內容和特點、存在的不足、解決方法等相關問題為研究內容和課題，通過調查相關文獻獲得資料，較為全面和正確地了解關于失業保險制度的信息，促進該研究課題的確定，形成關于該研究對象的一般印象，對失業保險制度的相關內容具備一定的了解。 

The introduction 

 

(1) research purpose and meaning 

 

The problem of unemployment is the important problems affecting China's economic development and social stability. Under the traditional planned economic system in the past, appears to be on the expression "zero unemployment", its real state is essentially "low wage, high employment" of "hidden unemployment", especially after the reform and opening up and the establishment of market economic system, unemployment has become a common social phenomenon. Establish the unemployment insurance system is beneficial to alleviate the problem of decision making is one of the, therefore, established the corresponding unemployment insurance system in our country. However, from the current situation, it seems, China's unemployment insurance system still exist certain deficiencies. So, establish and perfect the unemployment insurance system in today's rapid economic development is particularly important. And how to establish and perfect the unemployment insurance system is at present our country needs to solve the problem. 

 

(2) the research content and method 

 

In the history of the unemployment insurance system, the present situation, the content and features, the existence insufficiency, the solutions to a problem related to the research content and subject, through investigation and related literature data, a more comprehensive and correct understanding of the information about unemployment insurance system, promote the determination of the research subject, form a general impression about the research object, the unemployment insurance system of the relevant contents have a certain understanding. 

 

(3) the research status at home and abroad 

 

On unemployment insurance system, domestic and foreign scholars have made a certain research, some conclusions are drawn, a brief summary here: QuYanChun in "from life safeguard to promote employment, improve the unemployment insurance system in China's path to explore" the guarantee basic livings of the unemployed and promoting the unemployed is two basic function of unemployment insurance, employment in the implementation of the unemployment insurance system, our country tends to lay particular stress on basic life safeguard unemployed and ignore the promoting employment. 

 

An overview of the unemployment insurance system 

 

(1) the concept of unemployment insurance system 

 

Unemployment insurance system is to point to raise unemployment social insurance funds in accordance with the law and to the because of unemployment and temporary interruption, loss of labor remuneration of laborers to help the social insurance system. It is national legislation enforcement, it is an important part of the social security system, is one of the important projects of social insurance. The purpose is to through the establishment of social insurance fund, make employees during the period of unemployment for the necessary economic help, guarantee their basic life, and through training, profession introduction to create conditions for them to realize the employment. Unemployment insurance system of the main contents include: to establish a special fund, establish special management organization, perfecting the management of unemployed workers and service, set up training and resume production entity. 

 

(2) the history of the unemployment insurance system 

 

Unemployment insurance system is belonging to the product of the social security system under the condition of market economy, is an important part of the social security system. Its main function is to guarantee basic livings of the personnel of unemployment of come off sentry duty, maintaining the social stability and promote the healthy and stable development of economy. Unemployment insurance system in our country is in China gradually established and developed after the reform and open policy, for the establishment of China's socialist market economic system has played a positive role, with the speeding up of the economic system reform in our country, under the new circumstances, its role is increasingly important, therefore the government and all walks of life made a great effort, in order to ensure more unemployed workers basic life safeguard, the unemployment insurance system in China and therefore greatly improve, more to guarantee the basic life of the unemployed. However, with the rapid development of China's economy, the disadvantages of current unemployment insurance system is increasingly exposed. Need adjustments to improve from the system, so as to adapt to the development of the economy. #p#分頁標題#e#

 

Unemployment insurance is an important part of the social security system, and form the market mechanism is the essential condition of employment. To give full play to the role of the unemployment insurance, further reform and improve the unemployment insurance system, the ministry of Labour and social security after the establishment, on the basis of the original work, closely combining with related departments, accelerates the pace to formulate new unemployment insurance administrative rules and regulations, after consultation, repeated research to argue that the report to the state council "unemployed insurance byelaw" (the draft). On December 16, 1998, the state council executive meeting, and on January 22, 1999, released the 258 call to arms of the state council, issued a "unemployed insurance byelaw". Learned the unemployment insurance system of our country, the regulations and practical experience of development, draw lessons from the beneficial practice abroad, in many ways a major adjustment, reflected the unemployment insurance system of socialist market economy, service embodies the unemployment insurance system reform and the stability of the spirit, to form basic improve the unemployment insurance system with Chinese characteristics has laid a solid foundation. 

 

(3) the content and characteristics of unemployment insurance system 

 

The main content of the unemployment insurance system includes: 1, establish a special fund; 2, establish special management organization; 3, perfect the management of unemployed workers and services; 4, to set up the training and resume production entity. 

 

Unemployment insurance has the following characteristics: one is universal. It is mainly in order to ensure a wage income workers unemployed the basic life after established, its cover most of the members of the workforce. Therefore, when determining the applicable scope, ginseng protect unit should all departments and trades, regardless of ownership, the worker should be both forms of employment, regardless of their home towns, rural, rescind or terminate the labor relationship, as long as I am qualified, have the right to enjoy unemployed insurance treatment. Analysis the change of scope of unemployment insurance in our country, have been gradually expanding trend, from the four kinds of people in state-owned enterprises to the seven classes of state-owned enterprises nine worker and the enterprise management institution, and then to "unemployed insurance byelaw" regulation, town all enterprises and institutions and their staff, fully embodies the principle of universality. The second is mandatory. It is through the national laws, regulations, to enforce. In accordance with the relevant provisions, within the scope of the unemployment insurance system to cover the unit and its worker must attend unemployed insurance and fulfill capture to expend obligation. In accordance with the related regulations, fulfill capture to expend obligation not units and individuals shall bear the corresponding legal responsibility. 3 it is sex of each other aid. Raise unemployment insurance funds mainly come from society, by unit, personal and national tripartite joint burden, capture to expend scale, payment methods is relatively stable, raise unemployment insurance premium, regardless of their sources, regardless of the nature of pay cost unit, all are merged into unemployment insurance funds, use the unified dispatching in the region as a whole to play each other aid. #p#分頁標題#e#

 

(1) the function of the unemployment insurance system and the significance 

 

Figure 1 (2) 

 

In 2008, some countries unemployment statistics 

 

Units: one thousand 

 

State the number of unemployed state unemployment 

 

O root at the 898.0 8860.0 in China 

 

Australia Mexico 1593.3 470.9 

 

Canada 1119.3 2694.0 in Pakistan 

 

France fe law 2070.0 b 2716.0 

 

Germany Portuguese Portugal's 427.1 3141.0 

 

India Romania 575.5 39112.0 

 

Indonesia Russian 9395.0 4791.0 

 

Italy, the 1692.0 r standard 305.0 

 

Japan Thai kingdom 450.9 2650.0 

 

South Korea's 769.0 1643.0 

 

Malaysia us 8924.0 368.5 

 

Figure 2 

 

From figure 1, figure 2, the problem of unemployment is the world's countries are facing a very important problem. China's unemployment problem is serious, under the condition of market economy, unemployment phenomenon often happens. Of unemployment, however, in any society form of society, economy, life, people have very negative consequences. First of all, the presence of high levels of unemployment will inevitably lead to the slow development of the economy or even stagnation. Secondly, unemployment will also affect social stability, the influence of people's lives. The unemployed without work, lost a fixed income, but they must in order to maintain the basic life and the life of spending, may do something illegal to disrupt social stability. Unemployment is a big waste of human resources at the same time. Is remarkable in the face of the current and long-term unemployment problems in the future, in an effort to develop economy, comprehensive expand employment opportunities at the same time, how to unemployed personnel to provide life safeguard becomes an urgent problem. Therefore, the existence of unemployment is the unemployment insurance system and development of the direct causes. 

 

Figure 3 

 

The urban registered unemployment and the registered unemployment rate 

 

Units: ten thousand, % 

 

Years of unemployment registration unemployment registration 

 

2000595.0 3.1 

 

2001681.0 3.6 

 

2002770.0 4.0 #p#分頁標題#e#

 

2003800.0 4.3 

 

2004827.0 4.2 

 

2005839.0 4.2 

 

2006847.0 4.1 

 

2007830.0 4.0 

 

2008886.0 4.2 

 

2009921.0 4.3 

 

Figure 4. 

 

Note: the above data from the China labor statistical yearbook 2010, 

 

Unemployment has been is serious in our country, the unemployed population in cities and towns, for example, in figure 3 from the China labor statistical yearbook 2010, according to analysis of data and figure 4 from 2000 to 2009, the unemployed population in cities and towns basic into a rising trend in our country, therefore, established to adapt to the situation of China unemployment insurance system has its inevitability, to maintain social stability and unity and promote the development of the socialist market economy is of great significance. 

 

Unemployment insurance system has two basic functions: 

 

1, to ensure the basic life of the unemployed during the unemployment period. The unemployment insurance institutions by offering a certain deadline to eligible unemployed unemployed insurance gold, guarantee basic livings of the unemployed during the unemployment. 

 

2, promote their reemployment. Compared with the basic life safeguard unemployed, it is more important function. Implementation of this function is mainly by increasing to unemployed workers, vocational training, profession introduction and employment information services, to promote the unemployed again obtain employment. It should be said that employment is more important for the unemployed, because this can fundamentally solve the problem of the unemployed life more. But for a long time, in the implementation of the unemployment insurance system in our country, often biased towards the unemployed basic life safeguard function and ignore the function of promoting the employment of the unemployed. With the deepening of the reform, the growing unemployment in our country, with 2000 to 2004, China's labor and social security career's annual statistical bulletin released data, for example: the registered urban unemployment is respectively 5.95 million, 6.81 million, 7.7 million, 8 million, 7.7 million; The registered urban unemployment rate rose to 31% from 42%. And, in fact, the registered unemployment rate is far lower than the actual unemployment rate. According to the relevant domestic institutions and the world bank experts have estimated that the urban real unemployment rate is around 8% to 10%. At the same time, because of the outbreak of the international financial crisis, in 2008, the employment situation is very serious in China. Although the global economic situation has warmed up, but from around the situation and the employment status of college students, migrant workers, it is hard to say there has been a fundamental turn for the better. In this context, the unemployment insurance in the basic life safeguard unemployed at the same time, how best to promote the employment, become the important challenges facing unemployment insurance system. #p#分頁標題#e#

 

Unemployment insurance system effectively to ensure the basic life of laid-off workers, to maintain social stability and promote the healthy and stable development of economy has played an important role. With the speeding up of the economic system reform in our country, under the new situation, its importance is increasingly obvious, therefore the government and all walks of life made a great effort, in order to ensure more unemployed workers basic life safeguard. For example, in order to adapt to the development of market economy, according to the domestic situation of the state council "unemployed insurance byelaw", which played a major role, and achieved positive results. Make the basic life of the unemployed and laid-off workers more earnestly safeguard, expanding employment channels at the same time, the implementation of laid-off workers re-employment, to promote the rational flow of labor force, to deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises and workers to implement increase, laid-off and enterprise development plays an important role. The unemployment insurance system in China and therefore greatly improve, more to guarantee the basic life of the unemployed. 

 

The present situation of the unemployment insurance system in China 

 

Execution of the Chinese government will unemployment insurance system as the important measure to solve the problem of unemployment, from the preliminary built into the unemployment insurance system of "unemployed insurance byelaw", etc. To do a lot of work, since "unemployed insurance byelaw" promulgated, a growing number of unemployed personnel gets the basic life safeguard, however, due to the incomplete system and management, the unemployment insurance system in our country exist the following problems: 

 

First, the coverage of the narrow. The current implementation unemployment insurance is mainly limited to economy within the scope of enterprises and institutions in cities and towns of the unemployed, not involved in the rural areas of the economy; Within the scope of the urban economy, and mainly focused on the public sector of the economy, has not been fully incorporated into the security status of the private joint ventures, leaving unemployment insurance social misfit, only be a few people actually care if unemployment insurance coverage can't keep up with the new changes of the employment situation, can cause laborers to enjoy social welfare opportunities of new inequalities 

 

Second, the safeguard level is not high, the safeguard project is not complete. In accordance with the provisions of the present system, the unemployed insurance gold to average 60% - 60% of the minimum wage, did not consider the needs of the unemployed population of family support, the basic life of the unemployed and their families and the basic demand of security significantly less than in other social services, also did not consider or is considered somewhat but inadequate protection, such as regulation during unemployed personnel can enjoy unemployed insurance gold of medical treatment grant-in-aid, rather than health insurance; Does not provide the unemployed to cover of the archives management, and job of foreign traffic moving support and other necessary fees, etc. #p#分頁標題#e#

 

Third, our country pay unemployment insurance supervision, punishment is not in place. Since 1999, article 3 of the social insurance premium collects pay temporary regulations we can see unemployment insurance and pension insurance in oriented institutions are different. Unemployment insurance to the institution and its worker, and the endowment insurance to implement enterprise management institution and its worker collects pay. Article 6: in the three social insurance premium of social insurance premiums shall be subject to the centralized and unified. Levy social insurance agencies shall be formulated by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, shall be collected by the tax authorities, can also with the administrative departments of labor security in accordance with the provisions of the state council set up by the society insurance agency orgnaization. System without the limits collecting pay of all kinds of social insurance and tax institution as a unified regulation, in practice, the importance of endowment insurance is higher. Each enterprise and worker collects pay endowment insurance by the local tax department, business unit shall be the responsibility of the organization affairs insurance institutions, the central and provincial under vertical organization shall be the responsibility of the national sagging Banks and commercial Banks, postal service, telecommunications industry, are enforcing collects pay system. With both belong to the social insurance of the unemployment insurance is completely by the local tax collects pay according to the principle of territoriality. Of social insurance tax is given priority to with tax, land tax department's enthusiasm is not high, and in the endowment insurance in the social insurance, unemployment insurance accounts for only a few, want to fully collects pay especially difficult. The collection and turned over many times of different departments, enterprises pay system problems, virtually increased the social transaction costs, but also gives some illegal, discipline is convenient. Punishment is not in place. Come into force on January 1, 2001 of the unemployment insurance claims for issuing way mentioned in article 25 of the fifth chapter bylaws: agencies found that do not conform to the conditions, or altered, forged the relevant materials and other illegal means diddle unemployment insurance compensation and other unemployment insurance benefits, shall order the return; If the circumstances are serious, agencies can submit to the administrative department for labor security on the punishment. Article 26: orgnaization of agency of personnel in violation of the provisions of these measures, the competent agencies or the shall be ordered to make corrections to the administrative department of labor and social security orgnaization of agency of; If the circumstances are serious, shall be given administrative sanctions according to law; Losses to the unemployed, compensation in accordance with the law. Of the two, just for serious punishment. In fact, as long as there is malicious to receive or malicious behavior, should be given severe punishment, it is not necessary to punish must wait until the circumstances are serious. #p#分頁標題#e#

 

Fourth, the low standard of unemployed insurance gold to receive. Is given priority to with unemployment benefits of article 18 of unemployment insurance regulations the standard of unemployed insurance gold, according to below the local minimum wage standard, higher than the level of standard of safeguard of townsman lowest life, be determined by people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. Safeguard life and promoting the employment of the unemployed are the two basic function of unemployment insurance. Unemployment insurance for the unemployed and employed income redistribution, so should not affect the normal life of the unemployed. In 61 set up a country of unemployment insurance in the world, there are 43 by the unemployed unemployed pay a certain percentage of plan hair before treatment. Through calculation, the replacement rate is only 25%, unemployed insurance gold this low pay standard can only maintain the basic life after unemployment, isn't enough to cover the cost to apply for a job, can't promote muddleheaded, employment, makes the unemployment insurance should safeguard function and efficiency are not getting the unemployment, is actually a kind of system of unemployment benefits. At the same time, the standard of unemployed insurance gold to pay is not linked with the contribution which the unemployed, the former pay unemployment insurance premium of unemployment of generally not be considered, shall be given the same treatment of unemployed insurance after unemployment, which would be a serious impediment to ginseng protect enthusiasm to the front of the unemployed. Unemployment insurance lagging construction of emergency mechanism of our country labor Numbers in the transformation period will appear at any time due to the economic fluctuation of natural disaster emergency, such as national or regional major emergency could have a significant impact on employment of unemployed personnel did not significantly increase current system rules to deal with these emergencies emergency measures during the financial crisis some departments to take some emergency measures as response to the crisis but did not form system and fixed mechanism of unemployment risk remains a lack of coordination in law enforcement and management problems of unemployed insurance gold to get qualified audit is lax qualification audit work generally caused by coordinating social security orgnaization of agency of assume a lack of departments at various levels have employment is getting unemployed insurance gold, the part of one's unemployment insurance legislation imperfect lax law enforcement system restrict the effect of unemployment insurance functions of conflicting policies from different departments cross involving multiple management of unemployment insurance regulations of National People's Congress and the ministry of Labour and social security, and other departments of the state council regulations and complex is difficult to do not have a unified coordination cost institutions that collect each place have a social security orgnaization of agency of directly collects pay of others by the tax authority or fund to pay do not have a unified regulation of labor and social security department directly or entrust a collects pay social security orgnaization of agency of implementation has its regulation is lax. #p#分頁標題#e#

 

In promoting employment unemployment insurance system in China 

 

1, light heavy life safeguard, the unemployment insurance institutions to promote employment. Both in the aspect of promoting employment unemployment insurance system in China the concrete embodiment of insufficient, and institutional shortcomings in the implementation of the ideological understanding of root cause. Causes of the problem lies, first of all, in 1999 China's unemployment insurance regulations is one of the important background at that time because of the reform of state-owned enterprises, in order to improve the enterprise benefit, workers to increase efficiency, thus a large staff of unemployment of come off sentry duty. So at the time the main functions of the unemployment insurance act is defined to guarantee basic livings of the unemployed, and in promoting the reemployment measures clearly enough, only professional training and professional introduce two kinds of subsidies. At the same time, the causes of the problem is that the unemployment insurance institutions tend to extend unemployment insurance as an index of hard work must be completed. When issuing unemployment benefits to the unemployed, unemployed insurance agency did not make the unemployed have a willingness to actively looking for work as a necessary condition to receive unemployment benefits. In addition, the traditional evaluation standard of unemployment insurance work tend to be watching how much how many unemployed people enjoy unemployed insurance gold, rather than how many unemployed unemployed insurance gold to promote the employment. Therefore, fundamentally speaking, China's unemployment insurance system of rules is the short-term benefits for the unemployed. Deficiency in the design of the system, caused the unemployment insurance institutions in the practical work of the heavy life safeguard, promote employment. 

 

2, the unemployment insurance fund expenditure structure is unreasonable, reemployment training become a mere formality. Unemployment insurance regulations in our country, the unemployment insurance fund expenditure include: unemployment insurance compensation; During the period of receiving unemployment insurance compensation of medical treatment grant-in-aid; Unemployed personnel death during the period of receiving unemployment insurance compensation mortuary grant-in-aid and its support of spouse, lineal relatives of pension; During the period of receiving unemployment insurance compensation to accept vocational training, profession introduction of subsidies; The provisions of the state council or other expenses related to the unemployment insurance approval. Although unemployment insurance regulations on unemployment insurance funds expenditure made more specific provision, but in the system of the concrete implementation process, some parts of the fund management is not standard, through employment services in the name of abuse or misappropriate the unemployment insurance fund problem. From the perspective of the expenditure structure of unemployment insurance funds, broadly used to promote again obtain employment after 1999 spending (including job-transfer training, professional referral fee and support spending again obtain employment service center) percentage is declining year by year, most of the funds for unemployment insurance benefits. At the same time, in the process of training for the unemployed, often around the form, content, a lot of unemployed people is hard to learn really useful skill. In training, relevant institutions also did not establish the incentive mechanism to stimulate the unemployed learning skills, the unemployed are generally over after sign up for training, regardless of whether the unemployed really took part in the training, finally can get skills certificate. According to a 2000 for two cities of wuhan and shenyang a sampling survey, in is implemented in the reemployment of laid-off workers, 82% of people think that training for they get the job without help, seek a profession oneself and starting my own business of laid-off workers, the proportion is as high as 91%. Some re-employment policy because principle is too strong, lead to actual execution is associated with formalism. If some local governments in order to solve the problem of unemployment of come off sentry duty, it does not need to project, recruitment originally does not need to labor, let them work in the don't need. #p#分頁標題#e#

 

3, the unemployment insurance payment mechanism conducive to promote the unemployed again obtain employment. Generally speaking, the issuance of unemployed insurance gold, want to consider both meet the basic life need of the unemployed, and to be able to motivate the unemployed actively looking for work, implement re-employment. Has set up a country of unemployment insurance system in the world, in consideration of the unemployed to work time, ginseng protect period and for factors including age, developed countries stipulate the period in which the longest to get unemployed insurance gold is generally not more than a year, less developed countries general provisions in six months or so, there is only 90 days. Such as Japan's unemployed insurance gold to get time is 330 days, the longest shortest for 90 days. On the standard of unemployed insurance gold to determine, in most countries of unemployed insurance gold extend standard and unemployed unemployed former wage income. About 50% of the unemployed former income such as the United States, Germany is 60% of the net income before unemployment, Spanish rule unemployment first refer to 70% of their income for 180 days, 60% after, up to 220% of the minimum wage, the lower 75% of the minimum wage. According to the working time and capture to expend fixed number of year, our country regulation, unemployed personnel is unemployed the former work unit and himself in accordance with the provisions of accumulative total capture expends time to full 1 year of less than 5 years, the longest period of receiving unemployment insurance compensation is 12 months; Accumulative total capture expends time full five years less than 10 years, the longest period of receiving unemployment insurance compensation for 18 months; Accumulative total capture expends time to more than 10 years, the longest term of receiving unemployment insurance compensation is 24 months. Again after new obtain employment, unemployment, capture expends time to recalculate. The time period of receiving unemployment insurance compensation may be unemployed again with the previous should be received but not yet receiving unemployment insurance compensation term consolidation computation, but the longest must not exceed 24 months. Enjoy unemployed insurance treatment period is long, and treatment standard static, this to a certain extent, inhibit the motivation of the unemployed to find work. 

 

4, unemployment insurance system is difficult to promote rural migrant workers and university students' employment. Migrant workers and university students is the need to solve the employment problem of two key groups. At present, the large volume of migrant workers migrant workers across the country. Their employment is characterized by very strong liquidity, job change more frequently, work is not stable, the unemployment rate is higher. In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers, unemployment insurance regulations contract-system farmer workers engaged by enterprises and institutions in cities and towns do not pay unemployment insurance premium themselves. Unit contract-system farmer workers engaged in the work is full 1 year in a row, this unit has pay unemployment insurance premium, did not renew the labor contract expires or terminate the labor contract in advance, by the society insurance agency orgnaization according to its work time length, the pay one-off living subsidy. Although unemployment insurance with the issue of migrant workers unemployed insurance regulations, but due to the employment period is short, strong liquidity, the factors, such as insurance consciousness in fact many migrant workers did not know that he can enjoy unemployed insurance treatment, and a lot of unit of choose and employ persons to reduce labor costs, generally do not take the initiative to migrant workers pay unemployment insurance premium. Therefore, migrant workers enjoy unemployed insurance situation is not optimistic, more difficult to effectively promote the migrant workers employment unemployment insurance system. At the same time, the unemployment insurance system is also difficult to promote university students' employment. Because of the unemployment insurance system in our country, our country unemployment insurance coverage for the enterprises and institutions in cities and towns of the worker, and enjoy unemployed insurance treatment should be in accordance with the relevant provisions in the conditions of unemployment insurance, work unit and I have gone through in accordance with the regulations, fulfill capture to expend obligation more than 1 year. Therefore, college students are not in a position to enjoy unemployed insurance treatment. With expanding year by year in college and universities, the number of college graduates is increasing, and the public sector to the new demand of college students less and less, college students' employment chance of success may be relatively smaller and smaller, the initial employment of college graduates is basically a one-time fell to 65% from 90% in the past. Unemployment insurance system can not promote the university students' employment become important defects of unemployment insurance system in China. #p#分頁標題#e#

 

The existence of these problems lead to the unemployment insurance system in China failed to give full play to the role. So we must increase the scope of unemployment insurance and to strengthen the unemployment insurance again obtain employment function, improve the unemployment insurance fund management, speed up the operation and effective unemployment insurance system is established. Build system of unemployment insurance is due to the existence of unemployment, the existence of unemployment under the condition of market economy is the root cause of the generation and development unemployment insurance, unemployment insurance establishment of unemployment not only to the objective existence of the premise, and to try to reduce unemployment brings the negative influence of laborer and promote employment for the purpose. Establish perfect the unemployment insurance system is the inevitable requirement of market economy. 

 

(4) countermeasures to improve the unemployment insurance system of China 

 

(1) to strengthen the legal construction of unemployment insurance 

 

Stronger unemployment insurance legislation, the legal system of the road, is to perfect the unemployment insurance system must adhere to the principle of the unemployment insurance law formulated and issued as soon as possible or promote employment law, unemployment insurance will be included in the tax law of insurance of unemployment of social security taxes tax items, mandatory of Ephraim and tax, to ensure the healthy and stable development of unemployment insurance career, this is since the unemployment insurance system establishment and implementation, especially since the implementation of unemployment insurance regulations the summary of experience and demand of unemployment insurance act, is also the party since the 16th national congress of the social security system construction goal and requirements, is the important measures to improve the unemployment insurance system. 

 

(2) extending unemployment insurance coverage 

 

A long period, China's unemployment insurance system is limited to the state-owned enterprise in the bankrupt enterprise worker were reduced during the period of statutory consolidation bankruptcy enterprise worker, terminate the contract workers and the enterprise's dismissal of the worker, the other ownership of worker is not included in the scope of insurance basically theoretically, unemployment insurance should cover all workers, because they are temporarily out of employment procession In the process of deepening reform, we are facing in cities and towns of all kinds enterprise laid-off workers and the trend of expanding agriculture surplus labor force, in order to guarantee basic livings of the unemployed workers and implementation again obtain employment, unemployment insurance coverage to be expanded. #p#分頁標題#e#

 

(3) strengthen the reemployment function of unemployment insurance 

 

Establish and employment mechanism, unemployment insurance from encouraging, and guiding the unemployed job as soon as possible, formulate corresponding policies and measures It is shorten the duration of treatment from 24 months for 18 months, this is from the negative aspects to reduce the unemployed dependence on unemployment insurance from the positive to encourage support unemployed personnel employment as soon as possible, after making the employment income interest than to enjoy unemployed insurance treatment, through the guidance of interests to motivate the employment. 

 

(4) improve the unemployment insurance payment standard, the change of unemployment insurance to calculate caliber 

 

At present our country unemployment insurance payment standard is too low, this type of unemployment can only maintain the basic life of the unemployed, unemployed insurance gold is not conducive to the unemployed to find a new job. Combined with the present situation in our country, should be changed according to the standard of salary calculation caliber, instead of calculation basis for worker real wage income. This calculation method is advantageous to the fair and unemployed workers of different income before interest, also can reduce the insurance premiums in accordance with the unemployed former wage standard before and cause of workers refuse to work in the original income low phenomenon. In 2008 our country finance income to perform a preliminary count is RMB 6.13169 trillion yuan, 2007 unemployed insurance fund income 2007 yuan, the balance of unemployment insurance funds is 97.9 billion yuan RMB. And according to the situation of the balance in the previous years, by the end of 2008, the unemployment insurance fund more than summary should have been more than 100 billion yuan. This shows that our country has initially have unemployment insurance plan hair method transition needs financial support and fund the ability to resist risks. 

 

(5) improve the withdraw mechanism, management and distribution 

 

LianZha between government departments and inspection according to China's current unemployment insurance premium management chaos, zheng from many problems, such as, should be gradual reform of the implementation of the unemployment insurance mechanism, namely by the tax department, financial department, social insurance department, auditing department audit system. The tax authorities to raise awareness of insurance premiums, the collection of tax and social insurance premium is mentioned the importance of the same. Financial department completes the income and expenses two line management system, more important is to realize the value of insurance funds. Tax administration, social insurance agencies, industrial and commercial department, auditing department to form the combined interaction group, joint involvement, intensify law enforcement. #p#分頁標題#e#

 

The conclusion 

 

References (middle and bold little 2) 

 

[1] Huang Borong, liao dong editor. [M]. Modern Chinese edition. Beijing: higher education press, 1997. 128 ~ 128. (small four regular script) 

 

[2] the song of the executioner [M]. Third edition. Hui-ling zou et al. Beijing: yilin press, 1999. 256 ~ 271. 

 

[3] tu, etc. The application of microwave in the synthesis of six-member heterocyclic compounds [J]. Journal of structural chemistry, 2002, 21 (2) : 123 ~ 132. 

[4] Biddlecombe C S, E, A, Simkin J, Trowbridge C w. Method for eddy current computation in three dimensions [J]. IEEE Trans on MAG, 1998, 19:492 ~ 492. 12 pt Times New Roman (English) 

 

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