英國dissertation網：英國公司合并財務報表記錄 Notes to the Consolidated Financial State
英國dissertation網：英國公司合并財務報表記錄 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010 (continued)
2. Significant accounting policies (continued)
Presentation of the Statement of Comprehensive Income
In order to better reflect the activities of an Investment Company and in accordance with guidance issued by the AIC, supplementary information which analyses the Statement of Comprehensive Income between items of a revenue and capital nature has been presented alongside the Statement of Comprehensive Income.
Investment properties
Freehold property held by the Group to earn income or for capital appreciation or both is classified as investment property in accordance with IAS 40 'Investment Property'. Property held under finance leases for similar purposes is also classified as investment property. Investment property is initially recognised at purchase cost plus directly attributable acquisition expenses. Investment properties are carried at a revalued amount which is stated at its fair value as determined on an open market basis as at the reporting date. The fair value of investment property is based on valuation by an independent valuer who holds a recognised and relevant professional qualification and who has recent experience in the location and category of the investment property being valued.
The fair value of investment property generally involves consideration of:
• Market evidence on comparable transactions for similar properties;
• The actual current market for that type of property in that type of location at the reporting date and current market expectations;
• Rental income from leases and market expectations regarding possible future lease terms;
• Hypothetical sellers and buyers, who are reasonably informed about the current market and who are motivated, but not compelled, to transact in that market on an arm's length basis; and
• Investor expectations on matters such as future enhancement of rental income or market conditions.
Gains and losses arising from changes in fair value are included in the Statement of Comprehensive Income in the year in which they arise. Purchases and sales of investment property are recognised when contracts have been unconditionally exchanged during the year and the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred.
An item of investment property is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) is included in the Statement of Comprehensive Income in the year the item is derecognised. Investment properties are not depreciated.
Realised and unrealised gains on investment properties have been presented as capital items within the Statement of Comprehensive Income.#p#分頁標題#e#
The loans have a first ranking mortgage over the properties, see note 17. In line with industry practice, investment properties are held in nominee companies.
Leases
Finance leases, which transfer to the Group substantially all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item are capitalised at the inception of the lease at the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are charged directly against income.
An operating lease is a lease other than a finance lease. Lease income is recognised in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised as an expense over the lease term on the same basis as the lease income.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010 (continued)
2. Significant accounting policies (continued)
The Financial Statements reflect the requirements of SIC 15, 'Operating Leases - Incentives' to the extent that they are material. Premiums received on the surrender of leases are recorded as income immediately if there are no relevant conditions attached to the surrender.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash includes cash in hand and cash with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash with original maturities in three months or less and that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value.
Income and expenses
Income and expenses are included in the Statement of Comprehensive Income on an accruals basis. All of the Group's income and expenses are derived from continuing operations. Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefit will flow to the Group and the revenue can be reliably measured.
Lease incentive payments, including surrender premiums paid, are amortised on a straight-line basis over the period from the date of lease commencement to the earliest termination date. Upon receipt of a surrender premium for the early determination of a lease, the profit, net of dilapidations and non-recoverable outgoings relating to the lease concerned, is immediately reflected in other operating income.
Property operating costs include the costs of professional fees on letting and other non-recoverable costs.
The income charged to tenants for property service charges and the costs associated with such service charges are shown separately in the Statement of Comprehensive Income to reflect that, notwithstanding this money is held on behalf of tenants occupying the properties, the ultimate risk for paying and recovering these costs rests with the property owner.#p#分頁標題#e#
Dividends
Dividends are recognised in the period in which they are paid.
Financial liabilities and equity
Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Group after deducting all of its liabilities.
Derivative financial instruments
The Group's activities expose it to the financial risks of changes in interest rates. The Group uses interest rate swap contracts to mitigate this exposure. The Group does not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.
Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments are recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income as they arise. These derivatives are categorised as held for trading under IAS 39, 'Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement' and are held only to mitigate the risk of changes in interest rates as disclosed in note 24.
Trade receivables
Trade receivables are stated at their nominal amount as reduced by appropriate allowances for estimated irrecoverable amounts.
Loans and borrowings
All loans and borrowings are initially recognised at cost, being the fair value of the consideration received net of issue costs associated with the borrowing. After initial recognition, loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any issue costs, and any discount or premium on settlement.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010 (continued)
2. Significant accounting policies (continued)
Gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income when the liabilities are derecognised, as well as through the amortisation process.
Other assets and liabilities
Other assets and liabilities are not interest bearing and are stated at their nominal value.
Share capital
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of ordinary shares are recognised as a deduction from equity.
Taxation
The Directors conduct the affairs of the Group such that the management and control of the Group is not exercised in the United Kingdom and that the Group does not carry on a trade in the United Kingdom. Accordingly the Group will not be liable to United Kingdom taxation on its income or capital gains arising in the United Kingdom, other than certain income deriving from a United Kingdom source.
The Group is subject to United Kingdom taxation on income arising on the investment properties and intra-group loans after deduction of allowable debt financing costs and allowable expenses.#p#分頁標題#e#
The Group is tax exempt in Guernsey for the year ended 31 December 2010.
Principles for the Statement of Cash Flows
英國公司合并財務報表The Statement of Cash Flows has been drawn up according to the indirect method, separating the cash flows from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities. The net result has been adjusted for amounts in the Statement of Comprehensive Income and movements in the Statement of Financial Position which have not resulted in cash income or expenditure in the year.
The cash amounts in the Statement of Cash Flows include those assets that can be converted into cash without any restrictions and without any material risk of decreases in value as a result of the transaction. Dividends that have been paid and declared are included in the cash flow from financing activities.
3. Rental income
Rent receivable is stated exclusive of Value Added Tax and arose wholly from continuing operations in the United Kingdom.
4. Operating segments
The Directors are the chief operating decision makers. http://www.mythingswp7.com/dissertation_writing/Finance/2012/0313/1083.html The Board is charged with setting the Company's investment strategy in accordance with the Prospectus. They have delegated the day to day implementation of this strategy to its Investment Manager but retain responsibility to ensure that adequate resources of the Company are directed in accordance with their decisions. The investment decisions of the Investment Manager are reviewed on a regular basis to ensure compliance with the policies and legal responsibilities of the Board.
英國公司合并財務報表The Investment Manager has been given full authority to act on behalf of the Company. Under the terms of the Investment Management Agreement, subject to the overall supervision of the Board, the Investment Manager advises on the general allocation of the assets of the Company between different investments, advises the Company on its borrowing policy and geared investment position, manages the investment of the Company's subscription proceeds and short term liquidity in fixed income instruments, and advises on the use of (and manage) derivatives and hedging by the Company. Whilst the Investment Manager may make the investment decisions on a day to day basis regarding the allocation of funds to different investments, any changes to the investment strategy or major allocation decisions have to be approved by the Board, even though they may be proposed by the Investment Manager.
