留學(xué)生經(jīng)濟學(xué)dissertation范文：付款及交收系統(tǒng)開發(fā)中面臨的主要問題和建議
Payment and settlement system is to support the social and economic development , financial operations critical infrastructure . Build safe and efficient payment and settlement system is conducive to the efficient functioning of payment and settlement tool , is conducive to maintenance of systemic risk by controlling the stability of the financial system and help maintain financial security and stability.
付出清算系統(tǒng)是支持社會形態(tài)經(jīng)濟進展、金融運行的關(guān)緊基礎(chǔ)設(shè)備。構(gòu)建安全、高效的付出清算整體體系有幫助于各項付出結(jié)算工具的高效運轉(zhuǎn)，有幫助于經(jīng)過扼制系統(tǒng)性風險保護金融整體體系的牢穩(wěn)性，有幫助于保護金融安全牢穩(wěn)。
After years of effort , the United Kingdom 's payment and settlement system construction has begun to take shape , forming a modern payment system, the United Kingdom ( including large and micro-payment system ) as the core commercial banking line fund transfer system , based around the city clearing payment and settlement systems coexist British system architecture , the establishment of a " three votes in a three-way card " as the main payment and settlement systems, development of credit payment instruments . With the continuous development of modern science and technology to promote the online payment , third-party payment and other electronic payment instruments ; promote the continuous improvement of payment and settlement systems . The payment and settlement system currently covers almost all payment instruments applications for social capital provides an important channel for fast running . However, Britain's payment and settlement system remains relatively independent decentralized system , functional partitioning , price management imperfect deficiencies. Specifically in the following areas:
通過多年的努力，英國的付出清算整體體系建設(shè)已經(jīng)初具規(guī)模，形成了一個以英國現(xiàn)代化付出系統(tǒng)（涵蓋大、小額付出系統(tǒng)）為中心，經(jīng)濟活動銀行行內(nèi)資金匯劃系統(tǒng)為基礎(chǔ)，各地同城票據(jù)交換系一共存的英國付出清算系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)，樹立了以“三票一卡三形式”為主體的付出結(jié)算制度，進展了信譽付出工具。
First, the payment system partition systems with other appropriate
( One) dividing the account management systems
People's Bank of modern payment systems and the RMB settlement account management system is a system of two relatively isolated , modern payment system lacks information on the clearing account validation function , making it easy payment and settlement risks. Bank settlement accounts is the basic unit involved in the financial settlement , but at present , because PBOC modern payment systems and bank account management system to run independently of each other , the lack of mutual information sharing. Thus, in the payment system can not determine the financial institutions to provide the legal bills account information , compliance , making it possible to not seek to open bank settlement accounts ( "underground black family" ) to provide financial services to form the corresponding financial risks.
( Two ) and the relative isolation of local bills clearing system , leading to increased risk
The current bill each city commercial banks by the local clearing system developed to run the People's Bank , the country adopted the liquidation mode are inconsistent. Some areas of the city bills clearing system and the commercial banks accounting system connected to the capital city to take real-time settlement patterns , and in some areas local bills clearing system and the commercial banks accounting system on the application are two separate clearing system , implementation of the "city repeatedly exchanged money at the end of the liquidation balance " model, whether financial institutions at the central bank overdrafts, must in the day 17 points clear after sharing notes can be found , but this time have exchanged notes accounted for , once the overdraft deposits with financial institutions at the central bank will be a deficit , not only gives the OK to bring level accounting work carried difficulties , but the people have serious risks of bank funds .
Second, repeated construction line system
All commercial banks fund transfer system redundant construction, resources can not be shared , resulting in waste of social resources , the impact of intensive commercial banking business direction . Before the spread of large-value payment systems in all commercial banks are building their own line fund transfer settlement body system , promote the use of large-value payment system , the result of the Bank's fund transfer system has been building and the use of body line remittance of funds not subject to the relevant costs , while the People's Bank to mitigate individual districts payment system operating pressure , but also does not allow inline remittance business handled through the payment system , causing each line fund transfer system, redundant construction.
Third, feedback channels are sluggish
Communication of information feedback channels are sluggish , limiting payment system performance further play. The People's Bank as payment systems defenders and managers do not establish a comprehensive information communication mechanism , can not grasp and understand the various financial institutions in the payment system operation and maintenance, and risk prevention problems , not easy to strengthen the People's Bank financial supervision and maintain the stable operation of payment and settlement systems .
Fourth, the system construction and price setting Separation
The People's Bank as payment and settlement system builders and maintainers of the system while building the appropriate charges should also establish implementation, and support system as a payment system check image exchange system since 2006 has been promoting the use of on-line is not to develop appropriate service price . All commercial banks in accepting the check image exchange business, in addition to developing the appropriate system interface , but also for image scanning and real bills bills passed , the cost of the development costs, labor costs, equipment costs are relatively high, but the People's Bank in addition to the standard fee charges and 0.6 yuan fee , there is no corresponding standard other charges , resulting in high cost of the business , thus affecting the development of the business .
With the rapid development of financial markets , payment and settlement systems assume increasing pressure on fund settlement , payment and settlement system of construction is also more and more important , is to enhance payment and settlement system for the construction of the following recommendations :
( One) strengthening the People's Bank in payment and settlement systems dynamics
With the rapid development of market economy , payment and settlement system infrastructure in the national economy is becoming increasingly evident that economic development is dependent on payment and settlement systems become larger . People pay the liquidated banks as organizers, managers and social capital by the final settlement , payment and settlement systems in the construction of the People's Bank should stand on a global perspective for a holistic , scientific , systematic study of payment and settlement system and national economic development relationships , building a national safe and efficient payment and settlement system ; Meanwhile, study and explore scientific management system , guard against and defuse the risk of fund transfer process .
( Two ) and constantly improve the payment and settlement system, and improve their position in the national economy and the role
Safe and efficient payment and settlement systems for the smooth conduct of monetary policy , financial markets closely the organic links , accelerate social cash flow, improve efficiency of resource allocation , prevention of financial risks is important. The People's Bank should take into account the payment system safe and efficient operation of the situation, the account management system , city clearing payment and settlement systems into the architecture.
( Three ) balanced
Each commercial bank remittance business into line payment system based on payments received within the business line flag will be set to the line of charge , in order to improve the payment system utilization, reduce unnecessary waste of resources .
( Four ) to accelerate improvement of payment and settlement services prices
The original price of the basic settlement services can not meet the existing standard payment and settlement services capabilities and speed of economic development , the People's Bank settlement deal with the basic service price re- sort , make sure to develop with the existing payment and settlement system and settlement tools to adapt to the new service prices systems .
