哲學(xué)與方法論的多元主義困境討論-Critique-A Researcher’s Dilemma- Philosophic

Critique
A Researcher’s Dilemma- Philosophical andMethodological Pluralism mainly discusses the problem of choosing research philosophy and research methods, this criticism will from structure, content, 留學(xué)生dissertation網(wǎng)underlying principle and assumptions and methods to criticize this paper.
1. Structure
In general, the form of the basic reasoning used in the article determines the form of the internal structure of an article’s (Alan Bryman, 1988). This article is to explore the choice of research philosophy and research methods, which is reflected in the structure is its bringing forward the problem of the choice of research philosophy and research methods at the beginning of the paper. In the middle of the paper, it analyzes the relationship between research philosophy and research methods and reviews the related research findings currently. At the end of the paper, it puts forward recommendations, which have echoed the issues raised at beginning of this article, the overall structure is very reasonable. In terms of organizing the material, it is in accordance with the increasingly deep content to arrange the material, and the latter part has a direct logic contact with the former, the arrangement is clear, and the expression is detailed. The view which may not be expressed clearly in the former part has been complemented in the latter part. The arguments have been structured in accordance with the development of illuminating, its structure is rigorous and thinking is smooth, there is no non-repetitive or contradictory place.
This article mainly discusses that the choice of research methods can not be restricted to research philosophy, but it does not explore the role of guidance that research philosophy plays in the choice of research methods, which has been confirmed by the development of the practice. The paper has confirmed a side but neglected the other. Since when discusses the opposite and united relations of a thing, it is essential to conduct the analysis and comparison from two contradictory aspects: positive and negative, neglecting one aspect will lead to one-sidedness issue (Watson, J. W., 1983).

2. Content
It has mentioned in the thesis the choice of research philosophy and research methods. It thinks that the relationship between research philosophy and research methods is elective affinity, it does not mean that once the research philosophy has been confirmed, the research method must be fixed, I think this formulation is correct. As we know that research methods themselves are not right or wrong, only when they are linked with research questions and other factors in the process of research, can they be measured if they are suitable. As Kuhn (Kuhn, 1994), the initiator of research philosophy has said that, "there is no research philosophy which can solve all the problems. Despite quantitative research and qualitative research have different philosophical basis, different research purposes, different research process and different subjective components, but in practice they are often mixed together. In the early 20th century, Weber tried to combine two research philosophy to address their respective partial trend of these two researches. He had tried to find the middle ground between the two to integrate these two perspectives. In 1950's, Campbell and Fiske (1955) proposed the thought of "multiple operation", which advocates that to make use of a number of ways to avoid the arbitrary in methodology to ensure the validity of the results. #p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#
Therefore, it should treat the difference of qualitative and quantitative research in their basis, forms, structures and functions dialectically.
First, the tendency of epistemology and the choice of methodology is the same. In addressing a specific social problem, the use of qualitative or quantitative methods would have different epistemological significance. Therefore, in specific conditions, qualitative or quantitative methods are closely related with a particular social ontology and epistemology, which is unavoidable (Alan Bryman,1988).
Second, it also can not deny their own relative autonomy of qualitative and quantitative research methods. This autonomy is precisely the features of their own, and in the same epistemological framework, they have the same alternative essential. Here, when the autonomy in the sense of methodology loses, the consistency of epistemological significance has become hollow (Mario Bunge, 2004).
To sum up, as a result of deficiencies in research methodology, one kinds of research method often fails to solve problems in scientific research, despite research methods are dominated and guided research philosophy, it still has its relatively autonomous features, therefore, to confirm a kinds of research philosophy does not mean only a research method can be adopted, to determine research methods should be based on specific circumstances, so the author's view is correct.

3. Underlying principle and assumptions
The author of this article has discussed the choice of research philosophy and research methods, its underlying principle is to explore the issue of scientific research methods, in essence, it has analyzed the differences and the relationship between qualitative research and quantitative research, as well as the issue of integration between them.
Although quality and quantity are two different prescriptive natures, they are not two types of phenomena which exist independently but mutually opposite, interrelated, interdependent and differ from each other. On the one hand, quality depends on quantity, quality acquires its existence of reality only through quantity. On the other hand, the quality of thing provides its quantity. The existence of quality is a basis of the existence of quantity, quality provides for quantity and its direction and scope of changes, the quality of any particular type requires the quantity of a certain scope to suit it. The unity and opposite of quality and quantity determines that the research of quality and quantity are two distinct and complementary methods, they explore the nature of things from the qualitative and quantitative point of view (Ga Rida, 2004).
It shows that the simple qualitative and quantitative research can not solve the problems of the methods its own. The demand for the cooperation and integration of the two philosophy are increasing, a number of researchers has actively explored the specific ways and means of the integration of the two in practice.
At present, western scholars’ views of the combination of qualitative and quantitative research mainly include Ingersoll’s integration mode, Denzin’s triangulations and Smith’s connection mode.#p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#
3.1 Ingersoll’s integration mode
Ingersoll (1983:6-12) figures that quantitative research and qualitative research have their advantages and disadvantages, the two can be combined to complement each other. Ingersoll brings forward the continuous maps of quantitative and qualitative research, which show the three modes of integration of the two methods.
3.2 Triangulations is a method which uses different ways, data, theories and investigator to research the same phenomenon. Denzin (1978) first used the concept of triangulations to express combining different methods to study the same phenomenon. "
3.3 Smith’s connection mode
Smith (1975) believed that the form of combination of qualitative research and quantitative research can be divided into the combination of a single research program and the combination of a variety of research programs.
In summary, qualitative research and quantitative research methods of research , it should be based on the actual situation to make use of them in the process of scientific research in order to play their role, from the current status of scientific research methods, the integration of qualitative research and quantitative research is the inevitable trend of development of research methods.

4. Methodology
This article mainly takes the method of literature review, the article takes the development of the choice of research methods and research philosophy as vertical line, reflecting the progress of current issues; it is also from the research results of a number of related scholars’ to carry out transverse comparison.
After comprehensive analysis, collating and analysis, digesting and authentication, the author makes his material more concise, clear and logic, and then grasping the law of development of the topic and forecasting trends. The paper conduct a more specialized, comprehensive, in-depth and systematic analysis on the choice of research methods and research philosophy, through integrating, analyzing and evaluating the content of reviewing, it reflects the opinions of the author’s.
The article reviews the latest information and acquires the latest content, transmitting the latest information and trends of research to the readers timely. In this paper, the authors summarizes, sums up, makes comments and evaluates the materials he has read and collected. From the provided literature, he draws important conclusions. It is an article which has both views and facts. The author of this article has a very high degree of professional standards and scientific quality, however, in the course of writing this article, he pays more attention to theoretical review and less review for practice research, which leads to a higher demand for professional quality of the readers’ and limits the significance of guidance of the paper for beginners of scientific research.

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REFERENCES
http://www.mythingswp7.com/Thesis_Tips/Methodology/Alan Bryman. (1988).Quantity and Quality in Social Research. Routledge.
Campbell, D., and Fiske, D. W.(1959).The informant in quantitative research， American Journal of Sociology, 60:339-342.
Denzin，N. K. (1978).The Research Act. New York: McGraw Hill.
留學(xué)生dissertation網(wǎng)Ingersoll, B.(1983). Approaches to Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Social Support Research. Paper Presented at the American Psychological Association Meetings, Anaheim, CA.
Mario Bunge. (2004). Philosophy of the Social Science, vol. 34, Nos. 2 and 3, 2004.
Smith，T.W. (1975).Strategies of social research: The methodological imagination. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall.
Watson, J. W. (1983). The Soul of Geography {J}. Transactions, Institute of British Geographers NSB.
Yuan Zhenguo. (2000). Educational Research Methods [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press.