項目管理學essay代寫模板—Planned Preventative Maintenance Essay

項目管理學essay代寫范文—計劃性預防性維護論文，本文是一篇留學生管理專業的Essay寫作格式參考范文，為了了解遺產規劃的預防性維修計劃的實施情況，人們首先需要了解狀況調查的實踐以及與這一概念相關的含義。審計委員會(1988年)在條件調查方面對英國大多數地方當局的做法提出了批評，即通過簡單地取財產價值的名義百分比來估算維修開支，并敦促使用適當的條件調查來得出更準確的維修開支估計。然而，條件調查的委托不應該僅僅是為了預算目的，因為它們在建筑條件管理中有更廣泛的應用，Bargh(1987)。以下是管理學essay范例寫作的全部內容，是一篇符合國外大學Essay寫作格式要求的范文，供參考。

Assessing the implementation of a Planned Preventative Maintenance Programme for Strategic Estate Planning.

In order to understand the implementation of a planned preventative maintenance programme for estate planning, one will first need to understand the practice of condition surveys and the meaning attached to the concept. The Audit Commission (1988), with regard to condition surveys have been critical of most local authority practice in the UK of estimating maintenance expenditure by simply taking a notional percentage of the property value, and urge the use of proper condition surveys to derive more accurate estimates of maintenance expenditure. Condition surveys should, however be commissioned for more than just budgeting purposes, as they have a wider application in the managing of building condition, Bargh (1987).

A major obstacle to carrying out the first comprehensive survey is the expense. On a national scale the UK building stock possesses very poor condition records and this represents a massive impediment to developing good maintenance management practices. Some progress has been made in recent years, particularly with respect to local authority buildings, where the prompting of the Audit Commission has had some effect. Within the private sector in the UK, there is still a startling reluctance amongst property managers to commit funding and commission detailed condition surveys of their buildings, Sahai (1987). Within the public sector as well condition surveys now being carried out are strictly limited in their scope. In many cases they are carried out for very specific purposes, usually related to financial management, rather than as part of a professional approach to managing building condition, Colston (1987).Condition surveys also include, building surveys, manual surveys, optical mark surveys, bar-code reader, hand-held computer, and reports. These are all used to carry out condition surveys. With this in mind one can now talk about the use of this concept in a planned preventative maintenance programme for strategic estate planning.

進行第一次全面調查的一個主要障礙是費用。從全國范圍來看，英國建筑存量非常差，這對發展良好的維護管理實踐是一個巨大的障礙。近年來取得了一些進展，特別是在地方當局的建筑方面，審計委員會的敦促在這方面產生了一些影響。Sahai(1987)指出，在英國的私營部門中，物業經理仍然不愿意提供資金，并委托對其建筑進行詳細的狀況調查。在公共部門，目前正在進行的井況調查的范圍也受到嚴格的限制。在許多情況下，它們是為了非常具體的目的而進行的，通常與財務管理有關，而不是作為管理建筑條件的專業方法的一部分，Colston(1987)。條件調查還包括建筑調查、人工調查、光學標記調查、條形碼閱讀器、手持計算機和報告。這些都是用來進行狀態測量的。考慮到這一點，我們現在可以討論在戰略性遺產規劃的有計劃的預防性維護方案中使用這一概念。

The process of planning for maintenance work has much in common with the planning of any construction activity. Therefore the basic principles of planning should be firmly understood before considering maintenance planning specifically. As the nature of the product or activity becomes more complex a point is reached where it becomes necessary to commit some, or all, of this plan to paper and a formal programme is produced, Sahai(1987). At a simple level this may only involve writing dates into a diary whilst, at a more advanced level, the use of a powerful computer based management technique may be necessary. Planning as an intellectual process permeates all activities in one form or another, always with some objective in mind, whether or not this is overtly stated.

The clear identification of objectives is an essential prerequisite of the whole process, but particularly prior to the committal of a plan to the formal programming process. In the construction industry, planning has all too often been afforded insufficient credence. In many cases this is because not enough attention is given to the purposes for which a plan is required, leading to a failure to produce programmes that are consistent with the planning objectives, Tavistock Institute (1966). This tends either to bring the planning process into disrepute, or to the setting up of an intensely bureaucratic management regime.

明確確定目標是整個過程的必要先決條件，但在計劃投入正式方案擬訂過程之前尤其如此。在建筑業，規劃往往沒有得到足夠的信任。在許多情況下，這是因為對需要制定計劃的目的沒有給予足夠的注意，導致無法編制符合規劃目標的方案。塔維斯托克研究所(1966)這往往會使規劃過程聲名狼藉，或導致建立一種非常官僚的管理制度。

Now, there are a number of aspects of maintenance that require planning, which may not necessarily be part of a formal planned maintenance programme. For example, it may have been decided to institute a programme of planned inspections to verify that statutory requirements are being fulfilled, or considered prudent to operate a planned replacement policy, as part of a preventive maintenance programme, Chanter and Swallow (2005). This may operate separately from an on-going planned maintenance programme. Within any maintenance organisation there will be planned and unplanned work. The balance between the two will vary, depending on the nature of the organisation and its attitude to building maintenance.

A low level of planned maintenance in an organisation does not necessarily reflect a poor attitude, as it may be appropriate for the given situation. It is quite possible to envisage a scenario where the introduction of a sophisticated planned system is not justifiable. For example, the owner of an estate consisting of one relatively simple building may choose to carry out all maintenance on demand, and plan only relatively obvious items, such as a redecoration every four years. The latter mentioned may be carried out on an ad-hoc basis.

在一個組織中，低水平的計劃性維護并不一定反映糟糕的態度，因為它可能適合于給定的情況。很可能會出現這樣一種情況，即引進一個復雜的計劃系統是不合理的。例如，一個擁有相對簡單建筑的地產的業主可能會選擇按需進行所有的維護，只規劃相對明顯的項目，例如每四年重新裝修一次。上述后者可在臨時基礎上進行。

This closely mirrors the approach of the owner/occupier of a dwelling house, and is an inevitable consequence of work which is characterised by a large number of relatively small, low level operations and a small number of larger ones, Gibson (1979). The latter are more likely to be foreseeable ones, and hence planned for. They are likely to fall into two categories, namely,

. A regular on-going requirement to perform certain operations, such as decoration. These tasks will tend to be cyclical in nature and, in theory at least, quite conveniently form part of a rolling programme.

. Major renewal or repair projects which, from time-to-time become necessary. For example, there may be a programme instituted by a housing association to replace all flat roof coverings over a fixed time period.

Some of these larger exercises fall into the category of what may be termed preventive maintenance, and need to have been subjected to a rigorous decision making process, Lees and Wordsworth (2001). For example, a decision to replace flat roof coverings ahead of failure is a preventive measure. In reaching this decision, account would have been taken of the disruption and possible consequential damage of not replacing until failure had occurred. In addition to this the aims of planned maintenance programmes with regard to estate planning are extremely diverse and, hence, many types of programmes will be encountered.

這些大的練習中有一些屬于所謂的預防性維護，需要經過嚴格的決策過程，李斯和華茲華斯(2001)。例如，決定在破壞前更換平屋頂覆蓋物是一種預防措施。在作出這一決定時，應考慮到在故障發生之前不更換所造成的中斷和可能的后續損害。除此之外，與遺產規劃有關的有計劃的維修方案的目標是極其多樣化的，因此將遇到許多類型的方案。

The applications of the basic principles of planning are of paramount importance to estate planning, Chanter and Swallow (2005). In particular, it is essential to define the objectives of maintenance plans very accurately at the outset, to ensure their relevance, and to enable them to be realistically formulated. These objectives may include all or a combination of the following:

. To help ensure that major defects are rectified and that the building fabric is maintained to a defined acceptable, safe and legally correct, standard.

. To sustain the building condition at an acceptable level and prevent undue deterioration of the building fabric and services by preventive means.

. To preserve the utility of the estate as an asset, and maintain its value

. To maintain the engineering and utility services in an optimum condition to safeguard the environmental conditions of the building, and hence its productive capacity.

. By effective planning, to ensure that maintenance is conducted, over a number of years, in a sensible sequence which reflects a careful consideration of priorities.

. By proper planning, to ensure that maintenance operations are carried out in the most effective way to ensure that best value for money is being obtained and the best use is being made of scare resources.

. To provide a tool for financial management, in particular budgetary control, and to assist maintenance managers in bidding for financial resources.

. As part of a broader facilities management scenario, to assist management to relate programmed repairs and maintenance to other demands and alternatives, such as refurbishment, redevelopment or changes in leasing policy.

The characteristics of maintenance work make accurate and comprehensive long-term predictions rather difficult. It is therefore necessary to define carefully what is realistically possible, and have an explicit recognition of levels of uncertainty. Because of this all programmes will need to have built into them some flexibility to permit modification if necessary and up-dating in order to ensure their continuing relevance.

CONCLUSION結論

It will be worthwhile to conclude that although the relevance of condition surveys to the implementation of planned preventative maintenance programmes for strategic estate planning enables an efficient allocation of scare resources such as funds and management expertise through periodic inspections of a property portfolio; its practice in scope within the UK is rather limited. Hence, authorities such as the audit commission should promote and ensure that condition surveys are carried out at the beginning of an estate management plan in which an adherence should be complied to, so that resources with regard to property portfolio are used efficiently, rather than wasted.

值得得出的結論是，雖然狀況調查與實施戰略性遺產規劃的預防性維修方案有關，但通過定期檢查財產組合，可以有效分配資金和管理專業知識等稀缺資源;它在英國的實踐范圍相當有限。因此，審計委員會等當局應促進和確保在物業管理計劃開始時進行狀況調查，并應遵守這一計劃，以便有效利用與物業組合有關的資源，而不是浪費。

留學生Essay相關專業范文素材資料，盡在本網，可以隨時查閱參考。本站也提供多國留學生課程作業寫作指導服務，如有需要可以咨詢本平臺。