會計Essay怎么寫：Impact of Digitisation on Accounting in New Zealand
本文是會計專業的Essay范例，題目是“Impact of Digitisation on Accounting in New Zealand（信息化對新西蘭會計的影響）”，據一個著名的國家技術領導小組稱，向包括人工智能和自動化在內的數字技術的轉型正在迅速改變目前新西蘭工作場所可獲得的工作崗位的數量和類型。科技的不斷進步正突然擴展生活的所有其他方面，包括金融、健康、娛樂、娛樂、教育、通信、旅行和工作。因此，我們鼓勵新西蘭人跟上技術進步的步伐。專家認為，雖然人工智能和自動化可以提高生產力，降低生活水平，但也會因為整合的挑戰而給員工帶來暫時的替代。這是一種擺脫現有工作并創造新工作的方法。雖然其他任務不會被取代，但它需要更高水平的技能和能力。
Introduction介紹
This report focuses on an analysis of current developments and critical issues facing organisations from an Accounting perspective.
The impact of digitisation on NZ businesses
The transformation to digital technologies, including artificial intelligence and automation is rapidly changing the number and types of obtainable jobs in the current workplace of New Zealand nowadays, according to a well-known national tech leaders group. The continual advancement in technology is abruptly expanding all other facets of life including finance, health, recreation, entertainment, education, communication, travel, and work. Hence, New Zealander’s are encouraged to keep abreast of this technological advancement. As per expert’s opinion, although it may be said that artificial intelligence and automation can increase productivity and alleviate the standard of living, it can also bring about temporary displacement to employees due to integration challenges. This is a way of getting rid of current jobs and creating a new one. Whilst other tasks will not be displaced, it would require another level of skills and capabilities.
A differing opinion released by the Artificial Intelligence Forum’s report states that automation proportionately yields more jobs. It has been proven in the past that the presentation of new technology results to creating more work opportunities than it impairs.
Despite the fear of losing a job from automation, New Zealand finance leaders state that it helped increase productivity by 68%, lessens the time spent to data entry and more on the execution of tasks (58%) leading to better decisions. Moreover, employees become more proficient in adapting to change (46%). According to Megan Alexander, GM of Robert Half, digitisation and automation can tap potential change to those companies who are willing to embrace and implement new technologies. Adapting to change will create an equilibrium between technology and the people. Finance employees capitalise on digitisation since it will greatly ease in performing their tasks. Digitisation gives them the opportunity to increase their skill set and their market value.
盡管人們擔心會因為自動化而失去工作，但新西蘭的金融業領袖們表示，自動化幫助生產率提高了68%，減少了數據輸入所花的時間，并使更多的時間用于執行任務(58%)，從而實現更好的決策。此外，員工適應變化的能力更強(46%)。羅致恒富(Robert Half)總經理梅根?亞歷山大(Megan Alexander)表示，對于那些愿意接受和實施新技術的公司來說，數字化和自動化可以帶來潛在的變化。適應變化將在技術和人之間創造一種平衡。財務人員利用了數字化，因為它將大大簡化他們的工作。數字化為他們提供了提高技能和市場價值的機會。
As for the company’s effort on keeping up with the fast-changing development in technology, they must shell out capital for equipment, software integration, and implementation. In addition to that, they must also give training to their employees. According to the worldwide survey conducted by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), 80% of the respondents agree that the success of the organisation greatly depends on their capacity to handle the introduction of digital technologies and their approach of solving employees’ skill challenges. 45% of the respondents’ lack understanding on how to deal with digitisation.
Based on EIU report, there are three technology-driven trends that are altering the concept of work in the 21st century. These are robotics, artificial intelligence, and crowd-sourced labour. Robotics was widely used in the car manufacturing industry and spread throughout other sectors such as farming and healthcare.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been incorporated in the software to perform tasks which were only handled by humans. The development of new techniques can perform jobs accurately and within a lesser period than the humans do. The last one is called the crowd-sourced labour. This provides flexibility to the workers since they are only hired to perform a specific task that needs urgent resolution. This approach allows the employer to keep their payroll and employee benefits at the minimum since they are on-demand workers and hired on a contractual basis paying only for the labour cost as required. Contractors like it too because they have control over what tasks to take on, they can work independently, and they manage their own time. On-demand workers can also choose to work from home whilst engaging with other workers across the globe.
該軟件中加入了人工智能(AI)，可以執行只有人類才能完成的任務。新技術的發展可以在比人類更短的時間內準確地完成工作。最后一種叫做眾包勞動力。這為員工提供了靈活性，因為他們只被雇傭來執行需要緊急解決的特定任務。這種辦法使雇主能夠將其工資和雇員福利保持在最低限度，因為他們是按需雇用的工人，按合同雇用，只按需要支付勞工費用。承包商也喜歡它，因為他們可以控制要承擔的任務，他們可以獨立工作，他們可以管理自己的時間。按需員工也可以選擇在家工作，同時與世界各地的其他員工交流。
As the economy constantly move forward, people are also striving to keep up with this fast-changing environment. In order not to be left behind we can only embrace change onward. It is a risk that the organization must take, analyze which strategies of workplace digitisation produce the best results and reap the great benefits not only for the employees and the company but as well contribute to the betterment of the environment and the society at large.
Employee skillsets required for 21st century NZ businesses21世紀新西蘭企業所需的員工技能
Employees are amongst the contributing factor to the success of the organization therefore it is very important to identity and equip employees with the right skills required to be able to compete with the market. Globalization, innovation and technological advances are redefining what businesses need to do to compete successfully. Employee skillset not only positively contribute to the success of the organization but is also important in employee’s everyday personal development. Detailed below are several employee skillsets required for 21st century New Zealand businesses.
員工是組織成功的貢獻因素之一，因此，識別和裝備員工所需的正確技能，以與市場競爭是非常重要的。全球化、創新和技術進步正在重新定義企業需要做什么才能成功競爭。員工技能不僅對組織的成功有積極的貢獻，而且對員工的日常個人發展也很重要。以下是21世紀新西蘭企業所需的幾個員工技能。
Firstly, there are a few basic skills some employers can gauge and look for when undertaking recruitment and interview process. That is, some organizations value punctuality, self-management, excellent verbal communication skills, listening skills, technical skills and how confident some interviewee respond. On the other hand, the interview process may not always be an affirmative tool to fully measure employees’ actual skills, further skills can be discovered and developed in the organization over years of experience, and these soft skills may include work ethic, problem solving skills, decision making skills, teamwork skills, leadership skills, negotiation skills, written communication skills and willing to learn are just a few.
Whilst, some organizations may prioritize the skills required based on the business; the effects of globalization, innovation and technological advances may also be a contributing factor that change values for 21st century NZ businesses by redefining what businesses need to do to compete successfully. Therefore, given the increase of technological development and growth of global competition, employees are adopting agile thinking skills. According to Holbeche. L (2015), agile thinking is about changing people’s mindsets, work culture, routine work habits, being flexible and being able to adapt, being creative, innovative and resilient and doing things fast without compromising safety, productivity, quality, systems integrity or cost. In general, the most agile organizations tend to be entrepreneurial startups that initially act as a powerhouse for innovation mainly because employee’s willingness to quickly adapt to change and meet customer expectations (Holbeche, L. 2015).
Likewise, increase in overseas trading, extensive competition and increase in economic development has placed a great significance on investor confidence, therefore some organizations focus on upskilling and developing existing employees (Leigh, D. E., & Gifford, K. D. 1999). Being aware of any new international accounting standards, new regulations or laws, appear to have significant impact on the economy, thus employee upskilling whether through workshops, academic achievements, in-house trainings, secondments or on the job training can lead to a more knowledgeable workforce and add value to an organization. Upskilling can lead to an employee personal development which can in turn boost initiative, self-direction, leadership and responsibility skills. Upskilling existing employees reduce recruitment costs for the organization however, may also reduce the reliance on the external labor market.
同樣，海外貿易的增加、競爭的擴大和經濟發展的增加對投資者的信心有很大的意義，因此一些組織注重提高技能和發展現有員工(Leigh, D. E.， & Gifford, K. D. 1999)。意識到任何新的國際會計標準，新的法規或法律，似乎對經濟有重大的影響，因此員工的技能提升，無論是通過研討會，學術成就，內部培訓，借調或工作培訓，可以導致更有知識的勞動力和增加價值的組織。技能的提高可以促進員工的個人發展，進而提高主動性、自我導向、領導能力和責任技能。然而，提高現有員工的技能可以降低組織的招聘成本，也可以減少對外部勞動力市場的依賴。
Similarly, New Zealand businesses in the 21st century are becoming more multicultural; therefore, an important skill employee may adopt is cross-cultural skills because it strengthens employee’s effectiveness in interacting with other races they encounter in school, work and the community (Dollwet, M., & Reichard, R. 2014). Understanding & respecting other cultures communication and behavioral styles may lead to customer satisfaction, positive negotiation, problem-solving and exploring new markets with different cultures.
In conclusion, some employees in the 21st century may need to question how they can contribute to the growth of the organization and economy, that is moving away from habitual thinking and behaviors and being able to adapt to change for the betterment of the organization without compromising safety, productivity, quality, systems integrity or cost. Having a sense of individual self-motivation and drive towards the success of the organization can result in employees easily adapting.
Productivity and the challenge of increasing productivity in NZ businesses新西蘭企業的生產力和提高生產力的挑戰
“Productivity isn’t everything, but in the long run it is almost everything. A country’s ability to improve its standard of living over time depends almost entirely on its ability to raise its output per worker. Paul Krugman The Age of Diminishing Expectations (1994)” (Grant Thornton, 2014)
“生產率不是一切，但從長遠來看，它幾乎是一切。一個國家提高生活水平的能力幾乎完全取決于它提高每個工人產出的能力。保羅·克魯格曼《期望值遞減的時代》(1994)(格蘭特·桑頓，2014)
Our aspirations of better quality of life are still not being achieved yet. “New Zealand’s low productivity growth is a long-term problem that has been an issue across a timeframe of generations” (New Zealand Treasury, 2018)
Opportunities for raising productivity lie in educating owners of SME’s in how to run & grow successful businesses and competing on the ‘global stage’. Other opportunities also include increasing the hourly rate of pay (productivity is key to income growth). According to the OECD, NZ performs about 30% below the OECD average in terms of GDP per capita. (Meehan, Conway, & New Zealand Productivity Commission, 2013)
Although there are no ‘quick fixes’ for lifting productivity, there are important elements which are essential. One important factor that explains the differences in long term productivity and growth performance, is how countries perform in developing/utilizing skills.
Skills matter for productivity growth. Having higher skills enables one to increase the individuals’ productivity and that of those they work with. Skills also have an effect on increasing the capacity to innovate and apply new ideas, as well as enhancing returns on capital investments, thereby increasing companies’ abilities to adapt to new markets and competitive challenges. (Barker, 2017)
While it’s important to have specialised technical skills, it’s just as important to have “soft”
skills like attitudes and values, communication, problem solving, and especially teamwork.
Developing your skills is a life-long continuous process. This contribution of skills to productivity also depends on how the skills supply is matched to changing demands i.e., tertiary education and training systems, as well as how companies utilize workforce skills effectively. (Barker, 2017)
We have a ‘work smarter, not harder” philosophy, but it doesn’t seem to be working. What we actually need to do is:
Adopt new technologies e.g. ICT
Upskill our workforce
Invest in better managerial skills (business education)
Measure effectiveness
Be financially literate – “Too many business owners can’t read a profit and loss statement, don’t fully understand how their business makes or loses money, and don’t understand the real costs their business incurs. (Grant Thornton, 2014)
Investing in infrastructure – Productivity and infrastructure go hand in hand
Attract skilled New Zealanders living abroad back to the country
“Maximizing the contribution of skills to productivity in New Zealand requires continued improvement on many fronts. It requires a long-term perspective, and well-designed and focused investments. Issues of “culture change” seem to arise in many aspects of skills policy: taking up the challenges of globalization; raising expectations for educational success; improving teaching quality and the responsiveness of schools; adjusting to the changing faces of New Zealand’s population; and building firms that fully utilize the skills and potential of their workforce. “ (New Zealand Treasury & MacCormick, 2008)
The challenge of operating New Zealand businesses with a multi-ethnic mix of employees經營擁有多民族員工的新西蘭企業面臨的挑戰
Business plays a very prominent role in the growth and to sharpen our society by creating a competitive atmosphere among people mindset and enhance the standard of living, however, when we talk about business then we often forget about the contribution given by the employees from different multi-ethnic backgrounds. Therefore, in my opinion, major topics like “diversity – the multi-ethnic workplace” plays a prominent and beneficial role for any growing business in New Zealand and the rest of the world.
商業通過在人們的思維中創造一種競爭的氛圍，提高生活水平，在社會的增長和銳化中扮演著非常突出的角色，但是，當我們談論商業時，我們往往會忘記來自不同種族背景的員工所做的貢獻。因此，在我看來，像“多樣性——多種族工作場所”這樣的主題，對新西蘭和世界其他地區的任何增長的業務都發揮著突出和有益的作用。
Diversity in the workplace represents the people draw from their own diverse cultural background, working together and contributing their valuable diversity of thoughts, diversity of backgrounds, diversity of experience and diversity of education in the organization. As we are living in a worldwide and growing economy where competition is significantly rising from every company throughout the world, concerning the following scenario many profits and non-profit firms need to be more innovative and diverse. Firstly, New Zealand focus on attracting the migrant’s Investors to invest, however, it becomes effortless for some company because migrant customers are new in New Zealand, therefore, they don’t have to overcome them from any competing business, they merely have to win them at first glance by providing satisfactory services. According to (Mai Chen, 3 November 201, pg. 82) the business market has fundamentally changed with almost 50 per cent of Auckland already Maori, Asian and Pacific and expected to increase more 50% by 2038.
Furthermore, having diversity as a core business strategy for some company there are advantages like increased adaptation, broader service range, more effective executions. Secondly, in this era of globalization, many firms involve people to carry out services to their diverse customers which makes more sense from the market to service the market. Despite having less knowledge about the new culture migrant employees are good at understanding the important things to succeed in their birth country’s market. Many businesses are taking innovative ideas from their diverse staff members to grow their Asian customers market to generate more profits furthermore, sometimes customers from different ethnic backgrounds may find difficult to speak and follow English. This result is that businesses should allow a staff member who can speak required languages.
此外，對于一些公司來說，將多元化作為核心業務戰略有一些優勢，如更大的適應性，更廣泛的服務范圍，更有效的執行。其次，在這個全球化的時代，許多公司涉及到人們為他們的多樣化的客戶進行服務，這從市場到服務市場更有意義。盡管移民員工對新文化的了解較少，但他們擅長理解在本國市場取得成功的重要因素。許多企業正在從他們不同的員工中采取創新的想法，以擴大他們的亞洲客戶市場，從而產生更多的利潤，此外，有時來自不同種族背景的客戶可能會發現很難說英語和跟隨英語。因此，企業應該允許能夠說所需語言的員工。
Managers should possess CQ or cultural intelligence so that can understand as well as deal with the staff members and customers’ requirements (, Mai Chen, 3 November 201, p 83) migrants worker are loyal, hardworking and always ready to do the works which local New Zealander will not do( As per [2.272] and [ 2.176] in the Xero qualitative study)
On the contrary there are some “challenges of diversity in the workplace” issues like lack of understanding of the law, rules and regulation of the country for examples blowing the horn or bribery are illegal in New Zealand. Countries like India, Philippines and Singapore migrants, in general, have good English proficiency, but that is insufficient, therefore, employers should give a proper understanding about the rules and regulations as well as the nature of the local customers to their migrant’s employees. Secondarily, diversity is also driven by women in the workplace but still in some regions they are been paid barely than men according to the recent survey European women earn 16.5 per cent less than the average Europeans men, Asian women earn 22.75 less than Europeans males whereas Maori and Pacific’s women earn 33.98 less than the Europeans males. (Mai Chen, 3 November 201, pg. 82). Some migrants still encounter the problem like “discriminations in employment” due to their non-foreign sounding names whereas, Asian reporting the uppermost level of racial discrimination. (Mai Chen, 3 November 201, pg. 82)
In conclusion, a diverse workforce is a reflection of changing work and marketplace, however diverse works team brings high responsible value to the organization respecting individual cultural differences and will benefit the workplace by creating a competitive atmosphere and augmenting productivity and help to lead a better world. Diversity in the workplace will provide a fair and safe environment where everyone gets the opportunity and challenges. Management in firms should educate everyone about diversity and its issues including laws and regulations.
總之，多元化的勞動力是工作和市場變化的反映，然而，多元化的工作團隊給組織帶來高度負責任的價值，尊重個人的文化差異，并將有利于工作場所，創造一個競爭的氛圍和提高生產力，并幫助領導一個更好的世界。工作場所的多樣性將提供一個公平和安全的環境，每個人都有機會和挑戰。公司的管理層應該教育每個人關于多樣性及其相關問題，包括法律和法規。
留學生論文相關專業范文素材資料，盡在本網，可以隨時查閱參考。本站也提供多國留學生課程作業寫作指導服務，如有需要可咨詢本平臺。
